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Feasibility of Detecting the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Using Inertial Sensors

Ahmadi, Reza | 2021

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 54232 (08)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Mechanical Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Farahmand, Farzam
  7. Abstract:
  8. Every year, a significant number of people around the world suffer from anterior cruciate ligament injury. Rapid and low-cost diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament injury is important to prevent further complications as well as timely treatment. Due to the disadvantages of each diagnostic methods, the development of alternative methods for diagnosing anterior cruciate ligament injury is still of interest to researchers. Meanwhile, several studies have shown that the kinematics of the knee joint are different for injured and healthy anterior cruciate ligament. Due to the capability of inertial sensors for kinematic measurement of joints, their use to diagnose damaged anterior cruciate ligament has recently been considered in limited studies. However, previous studies in this field have been very limited and patients have only been examined under anesthesia and special tests. In the present study, an attempt has been made to conduct a comprehensive study on the capability of inertial sensors to detect anterior cruciate ligament rupture. For this purpose, at the first by simulating various tests on a finite element model of the knee, the conditions in which the diagnosis of ligament rupture is more probable were identified. In this regard, the linear acceleration of the tibia relative to the femur during the tests was predicted using the model and a significant difference in the largest acceleration peak was considered as a measure of detectability. Then, for the tests that were more likely to be successful based on the modeling study, an experimental study was performed on 8 male patients, 4 of whom were tested under consciousness and 4 under anesthesia. The results showed that the mean of maximum acceleration peaks recorded for each knee in three repetitions of the anterior drawer test had relative reproducibility (maximum coefficient of variation 0.225) and in all individuals the mean of maximum acceleration peaks for the injured knee was higher than the healthy state. For Lachman test, the reproducibility of maximum acceleration peaks was relatively good (maximum coefficient of variation 0.157) but in only 4 patients the mean of maximum acceleration peaks on the ruptured side was higher than the healthy side. For pivot shift test, good relative reproducibility was observed in maximum acceleration peaks (maximum coefficient of variation 0.190) and in all subjects under anesthesia, the mean of maximum acceleration peaks for the injured knee was much larger than in the healthy state. For reverse pivot shift and lunge tests, the reproducibility was relatively low (maximum coefficient of variation 0.278) and appropriate (maximum coefficient of variation 0.132), respectively, but in no repetition, pattern was the difference between the mean maximum acceleration peaks between healthy and injured knees observed. The results of this study show that inertia sensors can be used to detect anterior cruciate ligament rupture during anterior drawer testing in both the conscious and anesthesia states, and during the pivot shift test under anesthesia
  9. Keywords:
  10. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) ; Kinematics ; Inertial Sensor ; Modeling ; Knee ; Clinical Test ; Injury

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