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Microscopic Investigation of Formation Damage Inhibitor Effects during Low Salinity Water Injection

Rostaminikoo, Elahe | 2021

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 54333 (06)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Ayatollahi, Shahab; Taghikhani, Vahid
  7. Abstract:
  8. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is a piezoelectric sensor used to measure the mass of adsorbent deposition at the nanoscale on the surface, real-time and non-destructively. The QCM technique has recently gained extensive attention in the chemical and oil industries and other research fields such as medicine and nanotechnology due to its various applications in the advanced sciences. This technique provides comprehensive insights to scientists in the field of phase equilibrium of low-solubility and solid-liquid interactions. Therefore, many attempts have been made to investigate the interaction phenomenon mechanistically using QCM.Scale formation can have many adverse effects, and therefore, continuous evaluation of flow assurance management strategies to protect and maintain the system is critical to increasing the oil field's life. Scaling crisis management with a preventive perspective, considering the possibility of this phenomenon occurring in the well, and designing a treatment method helps to improve challenges regarding this problem.Due to the importance of the phenomenon of inorganic scale formation in the oil and gas industry, this study using the QCM system investigates the formation and deposition of calcium sulfate scale due to incompatibility of seawater and formation water under dynamic conditions. Thus, organic inhibitory additives containing carboxylic acid functional groups, including acetic acid, citric acid, glycine, and inorganic magnesium ion, were used to investigate the effect of the presence and concentration of these additives in effectively preventing the scaling with different salinities of brine. Finally, in-house designing and fabricating a coating of calcium carbonate on the surface of QCM, as a representative of carbonate reservoir, two more effective organic additives, namely citric acid, and acetic acid, were studied.In general, citric acid is found to be a better inhibitor than acetic acid and glycine where at a concentration of 100 ppm, its inhibition efficiency reaches 40%. The efficiency of organic additives is highly dependent on the salt content and pH of the initial solution, and the higher the concentration used, the greater their overall efficiency. Dilution of seawater prevents up to 10% of scale deposition and delays the onset of precipitation up to 65%. Dilution of seawater caused a little drop in efficiency in the long-term period, however, the onset of precipitation improved. The presence of magnesium ions has a significant impact on increasing the time of scaling up to 66%. Furthermore, the effect of additives, especially magnesium ions, in preventing the deposition of calcium sulfate scale decreases over time.It is hoped that this study could pave the way for other researchers to expand their studies on the impact of inhibitory additives on inorganic scales using QCM with coatings of different materials
  9. Keywords:
  10. Formation Damage ; Scale Inhibitors ; Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM)Experiments ; Inorganic Scale ; Calcium Sulfate ; Inorganic Scale

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