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Quantum CDMA communication systems

Rezai, M ; Sharif University of Technology | 2021

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  1. Type of Document: Article
  2. DOI: 10.1109/TIT.2021.3087959
  3. Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc , 2021
  4. Abstract:
  5. Barcoding photons, atoms, and any quantum states can provide a host of functionalities that could benefit future quantum communication systems and networks beyond today's imagination. As a significant application of barcoding photons, we introduce code division multiple-access (CDMA) communication systems for various applications. In this context, we introduce and discuss the fundamental principles of a novel quantum CDMA (QCDMA) technique based on spectrally encoding and decoding of continuous-mode quantum light pulses. In particular, we present the mathematical models of various QCDMA modules that are fundamental in describing an ideal and typical QCDMA system, such as quantum signal sources, quantum spectral encoding phase operators, ext{M} imes ext{M} quantum broadcasting star-coupler, quantum spectral phase decoding operators, and the quantum receivers. Following the above discussions, we then elaborate on a QCDMA system with M users. In describing a QCDMA system, this paper considers a unified approach where the input continuous-mode quantum light pulses can take on any form of pure states such as quantum coherent (Glauber) states and quantum number (Fock) states. The mathematical presentation is independent of the form of the input pure quantum states. We show that the spectrally encoded quantum states of the light at the quantum star-coupler output are not, in general, factorized states, except for input Glauber states. For input number states, one can observe features like entanglement and quantum interference. Moreover and interestingly, as a consequence of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, the quantum signals sent by photon number states obtain complete phase uncertainty at the time of measurement. Therefore, at the receiver output, the multiaccess inter-signal interference vanishes. Due to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, the received signal intensity at the photodetector's output, right at the time of measurement, changes from coherent detection scheme for input Glauber states to incoherent detection scheme for input number states. We also would like to highlight that the mathematical models and tools developed in this paper, in the context of QCDMA, become very useful for developing and analyzing other quantum multiple-access techniques based on wavelength, space and time domain. Furthermore, our mathematical model is valuable in signal design and data modulations of point-to-point quantum communications, quantum pulse shaping, and quantum radar signals and systems where the inputs are continuous mode quantum signals. QCDMA may open up novel possibilities for various quantum technologies such as data privacy, distributed quantum computation, quantum internet, and anti-jamming quantum communication systems. © 1963-2012 IEEE
  6. Keywords:
  7. Code division multiple access ; Data communication systems ; Decoding ; Encoding (symbols) ; Light ; Light transmission ; Mathematical operators ; Photons ; Privacy by design ; Pulse shaping ; Quantum communication ; Quantum computers ; Signal encoding ; Signal receivers ; Stars ; Time domain analysis ; Uncertainty analysis ; CDMA communication systems ; Encoding and decoding ; Fundamental principles ; Heisenberg's Uncertainty principle ; Multiple access techniques ; Quantum broadcasting ; Quantum interference ; Quantum technologies ; Quantum entanglement
  8. Source: IEEE Transactions on Information Theory ; Volume 67, Issue 8 , 2021 , Pages 5526-5547 ; 00189448 (ISSN)
  9. URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9454084