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A state-of-the-art review of the fabrication and characteristics of titanium and its alloys for biomedical applications

Sarraf, M ; Sharif University of Technology | 2021

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  1. Type of Document: Article
  2. DOI: 10.1007/s42242-021-00170-3
  3. Publisher: Springer , 2021
  4. Abstract:
  5. Abstract: Commercially pure titanium and titanium alloys have been among the most commonly used materials for biomedical applications since the 1950s. Due to the excellent mechanical tribological properties, corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties of titanium, it is getting much attention as a biomaterial for implants. Furthermore, titanium promotes osseointegration without any additional adhesives by physically bonding with the living bone at the implant site. These properties are crucial for producing high-strength metallic alloys for biomedical applications. Titanium alloys are manufactured into the three types of α, β, and α + β. The scientific and clinical understanding of titanium and its potential applications, especially in the biomedical field, are still in the early stages. This review aims to establish a credible platform for the current and future roles of titanium in biomedicine. We first explore the developmental history of titanium. Then, we review the recent advancement of the utility of titanium in diverse biomedical areas, its functional properties, mechanisms of biocompatibility, host tissue responses, and various relevant antimicrobial strategies. Future research will be directed toward advanced manufacturing technologies, such as powder-based additive manufacturing, electron beam melting and laser melting deposition, as well as analyzing the effects of alloying elements on the biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties of titanium. Moreover, the role of titania nanotubes in regenerative medicine and nanomedicine applications, such as localized drug delivery system, immunomodulatory agents, antibacterial agents, and hemocompatibility, is investigated, and the paper concludes with the future outlook of titanium alloys as biomaterials. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2021, Zhejiang University Press
  6. Keywords:
  7. Adhesives ; Alloying elements ; Corrosion resistance ; Corrosion resistant alloys ; Drug delivery ; High strength alloys ; Industrial research ; Medical nanotechnology ; Melting ; Metal implants ; Titanium alloys ; Titanium dioxide ; Advanced manufacturing ; Anti-bacterial activity ; Biomedical applications ; Commercially pure titanium ; Functional properties ; Properties of titania ; State-of-the art reviews ; Titania ; Titania and titania alloy ; Titanium (alloys) ; Biocompatibility
  8. Source: Bio-Design and Manufacturing ; 2021 ; 20965524 (ISSN)
  9. URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42242-021-00170-3