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Perfectionism or Neutrality? Research on the State's Approach to the Good

Nasrollahi Mahjoor, Javad | 2021

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 55122 (42)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Philosophy of Science
  6. Advisor(s): Taheri Khorramabadi, Ali
  7. Abstract:
  8. The debate over political philosophy has resurfaced five decades after the publication of John Rawls' famous book on the theory of justice. In that book, Rawls criticizes perfectionist states, And considers a state just that leaves the perfection and goodness of human beings to the citizens themselves. And the state can not be the final arbiter and interferor in the good and perfection of the citizens, and the state should never be one-sided in this conflict between the various opinions of the people about the good. Therefore, the state should only provide the means for citizens to be able to pursue their good deeds freely and equally, which is what Rawls calls the precedence of the right over goodness. However, in her other famous book, Political Liberalism, Rawls has tried to retreat from some of her previous positions And respond to some of the criticisms of her previous book, but still to her main claim that she considers the most just states to be states that have no position on any of the philosophical, moral, or religious goodness. In this Thesis, I have also tried to explain some of the two most important approaches to perfectionism and neutrality in state. And let me mention the important and famous critiques of these two approaches in contemporary political philosophy. Also, among the critiques that Communitarianists have made of liberalism neutrality, and human autonomy, to which I have devoted a separate chapter. I have mentioned it a little more clearly and I have also tried to show some of the answers to these criticisms
  9. Keywords:
  10. Perfectionism ; Justice ; Benevolence ; Communitarianists ; Right ; Good ; Neutrality

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