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Studying Time Perception in Musician and Non-musician Using Auditory Stimuli

Niroomand, Niavash | 2022

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 55385 (05)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Electrical Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Hajipour, Sepideh
  7. Abstract:
  8. Time perception is a concept that describes how a person interprets the duration of an event. Depending on the circumstances, people may feel that time passes quickly or slowly. So far, the understanding, comparison, and estimation of the time interval have been described using a simple model, a pacemaker accumulator, that is powerful in explaining behavioral and biological data. Also, the role of the frequency band, Contingent Negative Variation (CNV), and Event-Related Potential (ERP) components have been investigated in the passage of time and the perception of time duration. Still, the stimuli used in these studies were not melodic. Predicting is one of the main behaviors of the brain. So far, many investigations have been done on the effect of expectation of occurrence in the perception of time, but it is rare to pay attention to the properties of the sound stimulus itself for prediction, and usually, distracting sound or rhythmic patterns are used in sound stimuli. Therefore, we have little information about sound prediction in surprising melodies in which destructive sound is not used. Thus, in this research, computational modeling (Information Dynamic of Music) was used to measure the probability of the occurrence of a note in a melody and to obtain the Information Content (IC) of sound stimuli using Shanon entropy.By recording and processing the electroencephalogram signal while listening to audio stimuli, we examined the auditory brain responses of different people for cognitive studies of the time perception process, and we measured its relationship with this information content. This study was conducted on two groups of non-musicians and musicians, and the effect of experience in music on the process of time perception was investigated using musical stimuli, which shows a direct and significant relationship between the dynamics of information, hearing expectations, and experience in music.The result of the behavioral study was that the musicians had more accurate responses and fewer time deviations. In fact, by the repetition of a phrase in a melody or narration, the high probability of occurrence of a term in music caused a deviation in the perception of time. This deviation was more in the non-musicians. Also, the frequency bands were significantly different in two groups of musicians and non-musicians. Musicians had more alpha band energy. A longer time interval was perceived by increasing the power of delta, alpha, and beta bands in channels F4 and F3. The tempo of the melodies was effective only in the delta frequency band in channel F4. By comparing the results obtained regarding the amount of IC on the ERP signal with previous studies, the stimuli with less IC at the melody offset produce a more negative peak in 250 milliseconds. Also, musicians had a more significant negative peak when they incorrectly responded to stimuli with higher IC. In cases where the time interval of the melody was equal to the standard interval and the person recognized this interval correctly, a negative peak was formed with a delay of 800 milliseconds in the FCz electrode. Finally, with synchronous averaging at the moment of stimulus onset, we noticed fluctuations in the average signal, and the frequency of these signals was proportional to the tempo of the melodies.
  9. Keywords:
  10. Event Related Potential (ERP) ; Electroencephalography ; Music Information Dynamics ; Time Perception ; Musician ; Tempo ; Contingent Negative Variation

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