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“Adorno’s concept of experience”

Moosavi Ramezanzadeh, Behrad | 2022

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 55994 (42)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Philosophy of Science
  6. Advisor(s): Abazari, Arash
  7. Abstract:
  8. The concept of "experience" plays a key role in modern philosophy. Experience is also the central concept of Adorno's philosophy. Adorno's claim is that the possibility of human experience in contemporary western society is facing limitations. From Adorno's point of view, experience has become objectified in the contemporary western world. Such a situation distorts the relationship between the subject and the object and distorts the experience. While describing the experience in the contemporary world, Adorno explains the conditions for the possibility of undistorted experience. According to Adorno, objectified relationships are reproduced in philosophical theories. Therefore, he seeks to follow a method to achieve the condition of the possibility of experience in the contemporary time by critically confronting contemporary philosophy. Adorno's philosophy, instead of merely seeking to explain or explain experience, seeks to understand the potential of experience and present a critical perspective in its current socio-historical form. According to Adorno, if the experience is fully realized in that experience, the subject and the object interact without coercion and the intention of domination. Adorno believes that our everyday experience is manipulated and instrumentalized. Success and survival in contemporary society are two important elements that require the attributes of being instrumental and manipulating for experience. Success and survival are two basic parts of human experiences in contemporary society. These two elements lead people to create a manipulated and instrumental relationship instead of a responsible relationship with other people and nature. From Adorno's point of view, experience can be distorted and become objectified experience. Adorno considers object experience to be an experience in which the subject adopts an instrumental relationship instead of a responsive relationship towards other subjects or towards other objects. In this experience, the world is understood as consisting of separate and limited objects in which the objects have established and limited identities. Objects that the experiencing subject interacts with without being open to the possible richness of these objects. Experience contains within itself a transformative possibility. Because it is a type of interaction where there is a potential possibility of transformation of the interaction parties. The objectification of experience causes this possibility of transformation to be reduced to extreme control and self-regulation and self-determination. In the objective experience, agents become one thing that lacks a dynamic relationship with their surrounding environment. In other words, agents become separate and limited objects. According to Adorno, the basis of the problem of objectification is that it prevents people from seeing their world as a socio-historical process. In other words, objectification is the result of the negation of free and responsive subjects in relation to each other or to the surrounding world. Instead, the object relation shows the world in such a way that it consists of objects whose interaction follows a certain natural course. The meaning of natural course is a causal and determined process that determines the relationships between things. From Adorno's point of view, correct philosophical thinking is a form of opposition that has the two characteristics of spontaneity and spontaneity. Autonomy of thinking means that thinking can act independently of the prevailing social rationality. The meaning of spontaneity of thinking is that it does not conform to any specific and defined process. Because philosophical thinking in its correct form should be able to function without limitations caused by traditional necessities and necessities. Since objectification in Adorno's view has also been reproduced in contemporary philosophy, therefore, he criticizes contemporary philosophy by considering the two characteristics of spontaneity and spontaneity of thinking. Therefore, in the context of the concept of "experience", he seeks a critical encounter with Kant, as one of the pioneers of modern philosophy. In his critical view of Kant, Adorno seeks to reveal the elements of objectified experience in Kant's view and also to save Kant's view of experience from objectification and find a way out for it. In this research, in the first step, we seek to explain the concept of experience in Adorno's view and express the nature of objective and non-objective experience using his own works. We also describe how to create object relationships between subjects and between subjects and objects of nature. The next step was to examine and criticize Adorno's Kant's view about objective experience and non-objective experience, which is actually a description of how Adorno was influenced by Kant in his understanding of experience
  9. Keywords:
  10. Experience ; Thinking Morality ; Adorno Philosophy ; Enlightenment ; Life ; Domination ; Modern Instrumental Rationality

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