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The “Context of Discovery” of Scientific Theories: A Study of the Logic Behind it By Focusing on the Marburg School

Taskhiri, Mohammad Hossein | 2023

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 56550 (42)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Philosophy of Science
  6. Advisor(s): Akbari Takhtameshlou, Javad
  7. Abstract:
  8. All the main knowledge currents —from the humanities to the experimental sciences— consider themselves explicitly or implicitly indebted to Neo-Kantianism, an approach that, by removing the sensory-material component from the production of reality, prevented the entry of all accidental and unexpected elements into the various fields of human knowledge and gave a not very productive peace to the European world: the peace that came to Europe not only in experimental sciences but also in politics and economy, but it made the existence of Europe weak and sterile. This is the judgment that I have tried to make as far as I can to show what fate the acceptance of Neo-Kantianism brings to man. The research on Neo-Kantianism and the Marburg school still has important clues that have not been addressed in Iran, research that, if not done, will not make us aware of the incapacity of the European human project, both in the status of science and politics. Only through a more detailed understanding of the work of Neo-Kantianism and the comprehensive reception that was given to it can one notice the weakness that plagues humans via this plan. The purpose of this thesis is not to explain the opinion of the Marburg school about the context of discovery but to explain how the Marburg school, by completely separating science from philosophy, provided the opportunity for the formation of the duality of discovery/judgment so that science in the context of discovery can provide multiple, clear, and consequently unquestionable methodologies. This itself caused the context of judgment to fall out of the living activity of scientists and turned it into an independent activity for philosophers of science but unjustified for scientists
  9. Keywords:
  10. Logical Necessity ; A Priori Knowledge ; Discovery Context ; Marburg School

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