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The Roots of John Rawls' "Theory of Justice" in Kant's Practical Philosophy

Rafiei Nasab, Mohammad Reza | 2023

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 56728 (42)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Philosophy of Science
  6. Advisor(s): Taheri Khorramabadi, Ali
  7. Abstract:
  8. The research examines the influence of Kant’s practical philosophy on John Rawls’ theory of justice, under the concept of “autonomy”. In the initial chapter, foundational concepts of the study such as “autonomy” and “duty” are discussed in detail within the context of prevailing views in moral philosophy, particularly deontological ethics. The overarching idea of this chapter is to establish a general conceptual framework for posing the main research question. The second chapter of this research specifically and independently elucidates Kant’s practical philosophy and clarifies his interpretation of the concept of “autonomy”. The aim of structuring this chapter is to demonstrate that autonomy, as that attribute of the Kantian subject, enables action in accordance with duty and, consequently, moral action, plays a foundational role in affirming freedom. In fact, the primary contention of the second chapter is that deontological ethics, and more broadly the possibility of a universal law in Kant’s practical philosophy, is based on free will that acts in an autonomous manner. The third chapter of the research is independently and specifically dedicated to a structured understanding of John Rawls’ theory of justice. In this chapter, while elucidating Rawls’ interpretation of autonomy, the relationship of this concept with the veil of ignorance and the principles of justice, as the foundations of a just society, should be determined.The overall aim of the fourth chapter, as the final station, is to highlight the general parameters of Rawls’ influence on Kant. This chapter seeks to identify the general similarities and differences between the two interpretations of the concept of autonomy while examining the relationship between the second and third chapters. Following that, efforts are made to justify the choice of the concept of autonomy as foundational for this genealogical inquiry
  9. Keywords:
  10. Kant ; Justice ; Freedom ; Autonomy ; Equality Necessity ; Rawls

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