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Determining the Ecological Balance of Lake Urmia According to Climatic Fluctuations and New Water Conditions in the Region

Roshni, Fatemeh | 2019

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 56898 (09)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Civil Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Agha Mohammad Hossein Tajrishi, Masoud
  7. Abstract:
  8. Lake Urmia is the largest inland lake of Iran and one of the most important water ecosystems in Iran and the world. The ecosystem of this lake is a typical example of a closed drainage basin into which all the runoff flows in the rivers of the basin are discharged. Because of its unique natural and ecological features, Urmia Lake has been declared as a national park since 1346, along with Kabudan and Qion Daghi islands, among the protected areas. Among the most important invertebrates in the lake, we can mention Artemia, which is a species of saltwater shrimp and one of the native species of Lake Urmia. This species is the most important source of food for many water birds such as flamingos. In the current conditions, due to the decrease in the water volume of the lake, difficult conditions have arisen for the continuation of the life of plant and animal species, and in some cases, such as Artemia, their life has stopped due to the high salinity of the lake water. The creation and intensification of fine dust, especially salt fine dust, and turning into centers of dust production are among the direct consequences of the drying of Lake Urmia, which seriously threatens the health of the residents near the lake and even their neighboring provinces. The purpose of this thesis is to determine the new ecological level for Lake Urmia with the aim of reducing the potential of dust production and preventing the destruction of Artemia and the migration of flamingos in the conditions that the climatic fluctuations and river flows due to excessive harvesting in the catchment basin have caused the lake to dry up. In this research By establishing a relationship between the amount of water level and dust production potential, the relationship between the level and water level and the number of flamingos in the lake, as well as the relationship between salinity and the number of Artemia, the ecological balance has been calculated and by using the Nash difference theory, the optimal ecological balance has been taken into consideration Under 2 scenarios, the relative weights for farmers' goals and environmental goals for the lake have been calculated, which are 1272.6 and 1272.2 meters for the first and second scenarios, respectively
  9. Keywords:
  10. Urmia Lake Level ; Artemia ; Salinization ; Dust Sources ; Flamingo ; Ecological Interface Level

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