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Experimental Study of Venturi-Enhanced Solar Evaporative Desalination System

Minaei, Mikaeel | 2024

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 57000 (08)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Mechanical Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Shafii, Mohammad Behshad
  7. Abstract:
  8. The scarcity of freshwater resources in many communities worldwide is a pressing challenge that requires immediate attention. One of the most promising solutions to address this issue is the conversion of seawater into freshwater using solar energy to power desalination processes. The efficiency of this process can be further enhanced by reducing energy consumption through the lowering of the vapor saturation temperature of saline water.To this end, the present study investigates the use of evacuated tube collector technology for water heating and a vacuum system to lower the evaporation temperature of saline water. Specifically, the system employs a water cycle with a venturi to facilitate the evaporation of saline water at lower temperatures. The study includes several experiments, such as variations in the flow rate of water passing through the venturi (ranging from 55 to 75 LPM), reduction of pump activity during the day to create consecutive suctions and flash evaporation, and reduction of energy consumption. The pressure difference between the two ends of the venturi increases with an increase in flow rate, leading to a further decrease in pressure in the throat and reaching lower pressures. In conditions where the water pump continuously operates for six hours a day with a water cycle flow rate of 75 LPM, the system produces a maximum volume of 8.88 kg/m2. The result shows a 34.61% difference from the lowest flow rate obtained. In this case, the pressure in the saline water chamber is 0.297 Bar, and the average temperature is 68.48 °C. The price of each kilogram of water is calculated at 0.006 $/m2. Ultimately, the study demonstrates that the highest efficiency of 40.87% was achieved by reducing the operating time of the water pump to 1.5 h/day (5 minutes on, 15 minutes off)
  9. Keywords:
  10. Solar Desalination ; Evacuated Tube Collector ; Venturi Tubes ; Evaporation Rate ; Seawater Desalination ; Energy Abatement Cost

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