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Investigation of Mechanical, Biological, and Degradation Properties of 3D-Printed Bioactive Glass Composite Scaffold Using FDM

Hosseini Nikoo, Mohammad Mahdi | 2024

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 57220 (07)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Materials Science and Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Alizadeh, Reza
  7. Abstract:
  8. Three-dimensional biological scaffolds, as an emerging strategy in bone tissue engineering, enable the treatment of bone injuries without the need for grafting and implantation. The selection of suitable materials and fabrication methods for producing bone scaffolds is one of the key challenges in bone tissue engineering. This research focuses on the production of poly-lactic acid-bioactive glass S58 composite scaffolds using 3D printing. A solvent-based method was employed to produce poly-lactic acid composites containing bioactive glass particles (0.5, 1, and 1.5 weight percent). The composites were printed after the extrusion process and filament production for evaluating microstructural, mechanical, biological properties, wettability, degradability, and phase characterization. Microstructural investigations revealed that the interface between the bioactive glass particles and the polymer matrix was not very suitable. However, mechanical tests indicated that improving particle distribution could enhance mechanical properties. The tensile and compressive moduli increased from 604 and 425 MPa for the pure sample to 801 and 478 MPa for the sample containing 0.1 percent of the particles, respectively. The water contact angle decreased from 99.24 ± 19° on the surface of poly-lactic acid to 53.27 ± 3° on the surface of the sample containing 1.5 percent of the particles. This improved wettability played a significant role in increasing the swelling percentage and degradation rate of the composite scaffolds. Swelling and degradation increased by 73% and 245%, respectively, in the third week for the sample containing 1 weight percent. Mineral deposits on the surface of the composite samples in the simulated body fluid were more than those on poly-lactic acid. pH monitoring results showed that the sample containing 0.5 weight percent provided the best balance between the buffering effect and accelerated degradation. Cell toxicity tests indicated improved cell viability on the composite scaffolds. Cell viability improved with longer times and higher percentages of bioactive glass (89% in the sample containing 1.5 weight percent on the seventh day)
  9. Keywords:
  10. Three Dimentional Printing ; Polylactic Acid ; Composite Scaffold ; Bioactive Glass ; Bone Tissue Engineering ; Bioactive Scaffold

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