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Life Cycle Assessment of the Integrated System of Anaerobic Digester and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell With Carbon Dioxide Absorption Approach for Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste Treatment

Mohseni, Zahra | 2023

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 57288 (46)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Energy Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Avami, Akram
  7. Abstract:
  8. Environmental pollution caused by human activities and advanced industrialization is an important problem in the modern era due to its toxic and adverse effects on the ecosystem and human health. Municipal solid waste, including food waste, is expected to increase due to increased urbanization, economic development, and population growth, while their bioconversion into value-added products can address this problem by reducing waste as well as minimizing dependence on fossil fuels and turn it into an opportunity. In this thesis, an integrated system is designed in which the organic fraction of municipal solid waste is converted into biogas through anaerobic digestion process, and after desulfurization, the biogas enters the solid oxide fuel cell as a fuel to produce clean heat and electricity.Then, the carbon dioxide output from the solid oxide fuel cell is used in microalgae cultivation (Chlorella vulgaris) in open ponds and biodiesel production. In addition, the system is designed in such a way that the required energy and materials, as much as possible, are provided from within the combined system. The purpose of this research is to environmental evaluate of the integrated system by using life cycle analysis and also the economic evaluation of this system with the life cycle cost evaluation method. The results of this system have also been compared with the sanitary landfill of waste. ADM1 model was used for anaerobic digester simulation and SharifLCA software was used for life cycle assessment. The results of the life cycle assessment of the base scenario in the base year show that the effects of human health and climate change are 1.82 DALY/ton and 2.22*10-7 DALY/ton respectively, global warming potential 1.77 tCO2-eq/ton, cumulative energy demand 29.26 MJ/ton And the effects of water consumption is 0.0041 m3/ton. The results of the life cycle cost assessment show that the investment cost of the designed system during its lifetime is 2.92 million dollars and its maintenance and operational cost is 578 thousand dollars. Also, the income of the system during the lifetime of the system is 1.43 million dollars and the cost of the life cycle is about 8.89 million dollars. The levelized cost of electricity in CHP system is 0.35 $/kWh, and the payback period for the system is 10.6 years. Also, the comparison of the life cycle assessment results of the base scenario with other scenarios shows that scenario S1 (landfill) has the most destructive effect on human heal
  9. Keywords:
  10. Anaerobic Digester Effluent ; Municipal Solid Waste ; Microalgae-bacterial Culture ; Fuel Production ; Biofuel ; Life Cycle Assessment ; Life Cycle Cost Assessment ; Municipal Solid Waste Organic Fraction ; Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)

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