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Effect of Blood Rheology on the Growth of Atheroma in Coronary Arteries Arteries

Allahverdian, Mohammad | 2023

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 57305 (08)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Mechanical Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Firoozabadi, Bahar
  7. Abstract:
  8. Cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, are recognized as significant global causes of mortality, claimed numerous lives annually. The primary mechanism of atherosclerosis initiates with the entry and oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in the arterial wall. In this thesis, a mathematical model is employed to simulate LDL permeation and biochemical reactions within the arterial wall. The impact of non-Newtonian blood behavior and diabetes on the formation of atherosclerotic plaque is calculated. For blood flow modeling, the transient Navier-Stokes equation is employed, and for LDL as well as monocytes concentrations, the transient advection-diffusion equation is solved in a laminar, 2D flow in the coronary bifurcation. Subsequently, utilizing the three-pore model and Kedem-Katchalsky relations, the plasma filtration velocity, LDL permeation flux, and monocyte infiltration into the wall are calculated. Finally, by solving Darcy’s law and convection-diffusion-reaction equations, concentration of different species in the arterial wall are calculated using COMSOL software. The results are divided into three groups: prediction of the location and growth of atherosclerotic plaques over ten years using the Newtonian model of blood, comparison of plaque formation and growth over ten years between diabetic patients and healthy individuals, and comparison between the Newtonian model and non-Newtonian models. According to the results of Newtonian model, both LAD and LCX branches have the possibility of plaque formation, and there is a higher risk in the LAD branch. The probability of plaque formation is approximately 11% higher in diabetics compared to healthy individuals. Additionally, this study indicates the substantial influence of non-Newtonian blood behavior on atherosclerotic plaque modeling and emphasizes the importance of considering it to avoid inaccurate results. These findings contribute to an enhanced understanding of atherosclerosis mechanisms and support the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for this critical disease
  9. Keywords:
  10. Artery Stenosis ; Coronary Bifurcation ; Transition Flow ; Atherosclerosis ; Oscillatory Shear ; Time Average Wall Shear Stress (TAWSS) ; Fat Plaque Formation

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