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Application of Modified Activated Carbon Fabric Electrodes for a Preliminary CDI Water Remediation System

Sheikhi, Mohammad Amin | 2024

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 57310 (07)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Materials Science and Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Madaah Hosseini, Hamid Reza
  7. Abstract:
  8. In the present study, the performance of the Capacitive Deionization (CDI) method for water purification was investigated using a prototype CDI system developed with flexible activated carbon fabric. A significant portion of water contaminants are ionic in nature. These contaminants encompass a wide range of substances, from harmless to highly hazardous, including alkali and alkaline earth metals, heavy metals, halogens, nitrates, sulfates, phosphates, and more. In the CDI method, the specific design of the electrodes and the purification cell allows for the application of an electric potential difference between a pair of electrodes as the ion-laden water flows through them. This causes anions to migrate towards the positive electrode and cations towards the negative electrode, accumulating on the free surfaces of the electrodes. This process is analogous to charging a series of electrochemical capacitors (supercapacitors). Consequently, the concentration of ionic contaminants in the output water from the cell is reduced to the required level. In this process, the electrode material influences the system's performance through various parameters such as charge storage capacity, charge accumulation rate, neutral charge potential, lifespan, and others. The activated carbon fabric used as the electrode material in this study was previously identified by the research group as a candidate for supercapacitor applications. Depending on the raw material and synthesis conditions, it provides specific surface area properties in the range of 1000-1500 m²/g and capacitance values in the range of 60-80 F/g. The material demonstrated excellent results in stability tests, with improved conditions in some cases. It also exhibited an adsorption capacity of approximately 13-15 mg/g and a charge efficiency of around 80%. In the present research, the optimal synthesis conditions for the fabric, tailored for CDI performance, were selected and corresponding microstructural and electrochemical characterizations were added to ultimately evaluate the functional indices in capacitive deionization (such as ion removal capacity and rate, charge and energy efficiency, etc.). Alongside the identification and selection of suitable electrode fabric, another focus of the project was the operational conditions of the CDI system to achieve optimal performance with this specific type of electrode. These conditions include parameters such as the type of ionic species, their concentration, the electrical feed regime of the system, fluid flow rate, and others
  9. Keywords:
  10. Capacitive Deionization ; Activated Carbon Fabric ; Electrochemical Analysis ; Absorptive Capacity ; Water Pollution

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