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Development of Self-Powered Triboelectric Gas Sensors Based on Nanostructured Materials

Mohamadbeigi, Nima | 2024

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  1. Type of Document: Ph.D. Dissertation
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 57587 (48)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
  6. Advisor(s): Iraji Zad, Azam; Mohammadpour, Raheleh
  7. Abstract:
  8. In recent years, the development of portable and wearable sensor devices, alongside the increasing growth of health monitoring tools, has attracted the attention of researchers. The creation of portable self-powered gas sensors for detecting pollutant gases in industrial cities (such as nitrogen dioxide), explosive and flammable gases used in industries (such as hydrogen), and gases that help monitor individual health conditions (such as acetone in diabetic patients) has become a key focus. One of the main challenges for these sensors is the need for power sources like batteries, which add weight, require periodic replacement, and incur high costs. In recent years, triboelectric nanogenerators have emerged as a creative solution, offering a low-cost, flexible, lightweight, long-lasting energy source that does not require replacement. One of the applications of self-powered sensors includes wearable and portable sensors for monitoring exhaled breath to assess an individual's health status. Breathing is a biological process involving the exchange of gases and biomarkers related to an individual's health. Breath analysis can provide rapid, non-invasive diagnosis of conditions such as apnea, diabetes, and lung cancer, as well as measure concentrations of gases like ethanol and acetone, which can indicate such diseases or alcohol consumption. This study aims to develop triboelectric self-powered gas sensors to monitor the concentration of moisture, ethanol, and acetone at ambient temperature as a portable and wearable device for air quality and health monitoring. For this purpose, an active triboelectric self-powered gas sensor based on a porous nanocomposite of polydimethylsiloxane and graphene oxide nanosheets was used to measure relative humidity at ambient temperature. The response rate of the sensor, along with the response and recovery times for 90% relative humidity, were measured to be 2500%, 2.6 seconds, and 1.5 seconds, respectively. Additionally, a passive triboelectric self-powered gas sensor based on polyethylene oxide/copper(I) oxide nanocomposite fibers and a triboelectric nanogenerator using a fluorine-doped tin oxide and Kapton electrode pair was used to examine relative humidity, ethanol vapor concentration, both pure and in 90% relative humidity. For 90% relative humidity, the response rate, response time, and recovery time were 1.9, 2.3 seconds, and 4.5 seconds, respectively. For 200 ppm ethanol vapor concentration, these values were 6.2, 1.2, and 3.4 seconds, and for 200 ppm ethanol vapor in 90% relative humidity, they were 2.3, 7.2, and 8.5 seconds, respectively. Furthermore, a passive triboelectric self-powered gas sensor based on polyvinyl alcohol/2% by weight Arabic gum nanocomposite fibers and a triboelectric nanogenerator with Kapton and polyvinyl alcohol/Arabic gum/zinc oxide nanocomposite fibers was developed to measure relative humidity, pure acetone vapor concentration, and acetone vapor concentration in 90% relative humidity. The response and recovery times for 90% relative humidity were 8.5 and 4.9 seconds, for 100 ppm pure acetone vapor they were 5.1, 2.6, and 3.8 seconds, and for 100 ppm acetone vapor in 90% relative humidity, these values were 11.5, 3.7, and 2.2 seconds. These results demonstrate the excellent performance of the developed triboelectric self-powered gas sensors at room temperature, highlighting their potential for use in wearable and portable devices
  9. Keywords:
  10. Self-Powered Sensor ; Gas Sensor ; Triboelectric Nanogenerator ; Polymeric Nanofiber ; Electrospinning ; Porous Polymers ; Exhaled Breath Aanalysis ; Nanostructured Materials

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