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Development of a Multi-Colorimetric Sensor Based on Anti-Etching of Gold Nanorods for Simultaneous Detection and Determination of Neuroblastoma Tumor Biomarkers

Miri, Amir Hossein | 2025

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 57792 (03)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Chemistry
  6. Advisor(s): Hormozi Nezhad, Mohammad Reza
  7. Abstract:
  8. The detection and on-site measurement of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), homovanillic acid (HVA), and dopamine (DA) as key biomarkers for a wide range of neurological disorders, including neuroblastoma, is of significant importance. To date, several colorimetric sensors have been introduced with mechanisms based on nanoparticle aggregation or their coating with silver. However, these mechanisms have drawbacks such as sensitivity to environmental factors and probe toxicity. Therefore, there is a high demand for a robust and non-toxic colorimetric sensor that utilizes a novel approach for the effective monitoring of these biomarkers. In this study, a single-component multicolor probe was designed based on the controllable inhibition of gold nanorod (AuNR) etching in the presence of the NBS as the etchant. These biomarkers, due to their inherent reducing properties, react with NBS, consuming it through a redox reaction and consequently inhibiting the etching of gold nanorods. Initially, experimental conditions, including the concentration of NBS, incubation time of biomarkers, and corrosion time, were optimized to maximize the sensitivity of the sensor for visual detection. Subsequently, under optimal conditions, the spectral and color response patterns of the sensor were recorded in the presence of various concentrations of the biomarkers, both individually and in binary and ternary mixtures. Next, to identify and quantitatively measure the biomarkers, the spectral response patterns of the proposed sensor were evaluated using multivariate analysis methods, including linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and partial least squares regression (PLSR). The linear range for VMA, HVA, and DA was determined to be (0.8–25.0 µmol L−1), (1.2–25.0 µmol L−1), and (2.7–100.0 µmol L−1), respectively. Additionally, the limits of detection (LOD) for VMA, HVA, and DA were found to be 0.3, 0.4, and 0.9 µmol L−1, respectively, demonstrating the ability of sensor to measure very low concentrations of these biomarkers. The statistical results obtained at this stage clearly demonstrated the potential capability of the proposed sensor in identifying and distinguishing between single-component and multi-component solutions of the aforementioned biomarkers. Finally, the proposed sensor exhibited remarkable ability in the detection and measurement of the VMA:HVA mixture, a key indicator of neuroblastoma, in urine samples
  9. Keywords:
  10. Dopamine ; Gold Nanorods ; Etching Inhibition ; Neuroblastoma ; Homovanillic Acid ; Vanillylmandelic Acid ; Biomarker ; Colorimetric Sensor

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