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The Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Laser Parameters on Surface Roughness and Cutting Forces During the Laser-Assisted Turning Process on 316LVM Stainless Steel

Safari, Amir Hossein | 2024

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 57873 (08)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Mechanical Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Akbari, Javad
  7. Abstract:
  8. Laser-assisted mahining is a process whose positive impact on metal cutting has been repeatedly demonstrated. In recent years, with a significant reduction in the cost of laser technology, the necessity of utilizing this technology in machining materials that are not as difficult to cut as superalloys and ceramics, but still present unique challenges, has become evident. In this study, the laser-assisted machining process on LVM316 stainless steel alloy is comprehensively investigated. This alloy, due to its very low impurities and excellent corrosion resistance, has medical applications and is used in the manufacture of implants and medical equipment. However, because of these very characteristics, it is recognized as one of the most difficult stainless steel alloys to machine. In the first step of this research, the thermal effect of laser beam irradiation was examined by developing a three-dimensional transient finite element numerical model of the laser beam irradiation process on a rotating cylinder, and the temperature of the cutting zone just before the start of the cutting process was calculated with an error of less than 10%. In the next step, through preliminary conventional turning and laser-assisted turning experiments, the effect of laser beam irradiation on improving the turning process was proven. Subsequently, comprehensive laser-assisted turning experiments were conducted using a central composite design. In these experiments, four factors—spindle speed, feed rate, laser power, and the distance of the laser beam from the cutting plane (known as the laser angle)—were considered, and machining forces and surface roughness were evaluated. The results showed that increasing the laser power from 150 to 400 watts reduced the cutting forces by an average of 17.4% and improved the average surface roughness by 24%. Changing the laser angle resulted in up to a 5% variation in cutting forces and average roughness. Additionally, in some cases, it was observed that reducing the laser angle caused instability in cutting forces and roughness, and the material exhibited unpredictable behaviors. Therefore, the optimal laser angle was determined to be 120 degrees relative to the cutting location
  9. Keywords:
  10. Laser Assisted Machining ; Stainless Steel ; 316 Austenitic Stainless Steel ; COMSOL Software ; Central Composite Design ; Cutting Force ; Surface Roughness

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