Sharif Digital Repository

In this study, the effects of CeO2 nanoparticle addition on tensile strength and formation of interfacial intermetallic compound layer for lead-free Sn-3.5Ag-0.7Cu solder joint were investigated. The results showed that the thickness of intermetallic layer was decreased with increasing weight percentages of CeO2 reinforcements, and the growth of the intermetallic layer was remarkably suppressed during isothermal aging at 150 C. It was also found that the tensile strength of the solder joint gradually increased with the addition of CeO2 particles, reached to the maximum value at 0.5 wt% CeO2 and then decreased drastically with further increase in CeO2 content. Microstructural investigation of... 

Motivated by the puzzling optical conductivity measurements in graphene, we speculate on the possible role of strong electronic correlations on the two-dimensional Dirac fermions. In this work we employ the slave-particle method to study the excitations of the Hubbard model on honeycomb lattice, away from half-filling. Since the ratio U/t ≈ 3.3 in graphene is not infinite, double occupancy is not entirely prohibited and hence a finite density of doublonscan be generated. We therefore extend the Ioff-Larkin composition rule to include a finite density of doublons. We then investigate the role played by each of these auxiliary particles in the optical absorption of strongly correlated Dirac... 

In Industry 4.0, the emergence of new information technology and advanced manufacturing technology (e.g., digital twin, and robot) promotes the flexibility and smartness of manufacturing systems to deal with production task fluctuation. Digital twin-driven manufacturing system with human-robot collaboration is a typical paradigm of intelligent manufacturing. When production task changes, manufacturing system reconfiguration with dynamic opeartion task allocation between operator (human) and robot is a key manner to maintain the production efficiency of intelligent manufacturing system with human-robot collaboration. However, the differences between operator and robot are neglected during... 

Corrosion and time–dependent oxide film growth on AA5052 Aluminum alloy in 0.25M Na2SO4 solution containing H2O2 was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization, chronoamperometric and open circuit potential monitoring. It was found that sequential addition of H2O2 provokes passivation of AA5052 which ultimately thickens the oxide film and brings slower corrosion rates for AA5052. H2O2 facilitates kinetics of oxide film growth on AA 5052 at 25° and 60 °C which is indicative of formation of a thick barrier film that leads to an increment in the charge transfer resistance. Pitting incubation time increases by introduction of H2O2 accompanied by lower... 

Background: Kinetic andmorphological aspects of slurry propylene polymerization using a MgCl2-supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst synthesized from a Mg(OEt)2 precursor are investigated in comparison with a ball-milled Ziegler-Natta catalyst. Results: The two types of catalyst show completely different polymerization profiles: mild activation and long-standing activity with good replication of the catalyst particles for the Mg(OEt)2-based catalyst, and rapid activation and deactivation with severe fragmentation of the catalyst particles for the ball-milled catalyst. The observed differences are discussed in relation to spatial distribution of TiCl4 on the outermost part and inside of the... 

Silica nanoparticles, which have a broad range of sizes and specific surface features, have been used in many industrial applications. This study was conducted to synthesize monodispersed silica nanoparticles directly from tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) with an alkaline catalyst (NH3) based on the sol–gel process and the Stöber method. A central composite design (CCD) is used to build a second-order (quadratic) model for the response variables without requiring a complete threelevel factorial experiment. The process was then optimized to achieve the minimum particle size with the lowest concentration of TEOS. Dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the... 

In the present work, adsorption of hydrogen molecules over a metal organic framework (MOF-5) has been investigated by using first principles density functional theory (DFT). Different strategies have been applied for improving hydrogen storage, i.e. metal doping, boron substitution and functionalization. The metal atoms used for enhancing hydrogen adsorption include Li, Ca and Sc. It is found that the binding energy between these metal atoms and MOF is not enough to prevent clustering. Therefore a number of carbon atoms are substituted by boron atoms and it is indicated that boron substitution enhances the binding energies, significantly. Also the results reveal that boron substituted MOF... 

In the present work the interaction of hydrogen molecules with perfect, defective and scandium doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) has been evaluated. At first the potential barrier for the penetration of hydrogen molecules through PAH structures has been investigated and then the adsorption of hydrogen molecules over PAH structures has been studied. To model the graphene surface for barrier calculations, it is shown that coronene can successfully estimate the graphene monolayer. The barrier height is calculated for perfect and two different defective PAH structures including Stone-Wales (SW) and 585. It is found that PAH even with small defects is impermeable to hydrogen molecules.... 

In the present work, the interaction of hydrogen molecules with defective graphene structures doped by transition metal (TM) atoms is investigated by using first principles density functional theory (DFT). Defective graphene structures include Stone-Wales (SW), 585 and 555-777 and transition metals include early TMs, i.e. scandium (Sc), titanium (Ti) and vanadium (V). It is found that in comparison with the pristine graphene, presence of defects significantly enhances the metal binding. Among three defects, 585 divacancy leads to the strongest binding between graphene and metal. Hydrogen adsorption is then evaluated by sequential addition of hydrogen molecules to the system. The results... 

Hydrogen appears as one of the most promising energy carriers. Hydrogen has the advantage of being the cleanest fuel and as a result it can efficiently help limiting the greenhouse effect. However one of the major barriers for the large scale use of hydrogen, especially in the transportation sector, is hydrogen storage issue. There are four different technologies for storing hydrogen which are as follows: (1) Cryogenic liquid hydrogen (LH); (2) compressed gas storage; (3) metal hydride storage technology; (4) Physisorption methods. Physisorption of hydrogen in novel carbon nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes and graphene seems to be a safe and promising method for storage of hydrogen.... 

Trip destination and mode choice are highly influenced by travelers' perceptions and behaviors; selecting a destination and a vehicle for a trip are two interdependent problems. This paper presents and applies a disaggregate joint model for traveler destination and mode choice. The choice model uses fuzzy set and probability theory to deal with the uncertainty embedded in travelers' perceptions and behaviors. The model is structured as a decision tree in which the fuzzy and non-fuzzy classification of influential variables regarding destination selection and mode choice expand the tree. The most influential explanatory variables among all the variables categorized for travelers' household,... 

Phase identification is an important aspect of flash calculations which can affect the phase and chemical equilibria. A new simultaneous approach for reactive mixtures, based on τ-method which relies on modification equation for mole fraction summation, is introduced in this paper. In the proposed methodology, phase identification and solution of governing equations can be performed simultaneously and effectively. In addition, prior knowledge of the number of phases in advance is not required. Present methodology has been verified with the help of case studies and results are discussed in the present paper. The results indicate that the present method gives us information about presence of... 

A deterministic energy supply model with bottom-up structure has limited capability in handling the uncertainties. To enhance the applicability of such a model in an uncertain environment two main issues have been investigated in the present paper. First, a binomial lattice is generated based on the stochastic nature of the source of uncertainty. Second, an energy system model (ESM) has been reformulated as a multistage stochastic problem. The result of the application of the modified energy model encompasses all uncertain outcomes together and enables optimal timing of capacity expansion. The performance of the model has been demonstrated with the help of a case study. The case study has... 

This paper proposes a new visco-hyperelastic constitutive law for modeling the finite-deformation strain rate-dependent behavior of foams as compressible elastomers. The proposed model is based on a phenomenological Zener model, which consists of a hyperelastic equilibrium spring and a Maxwell element parallel to it. The hyperelastic equilibrium spring describes the steady state response. The Maxwell element, which captures the rate-dependency behavior, consists of a nonlinear viscous damper connected in series to a hyperelastic intermediate spring. The nonlinear damper controls the rate-dependency of the Maxwell element. Some strain energy potential functions are proposed for the two... 

This paper studies the scheduling problem in transit networks in order to decrease transfer waiting time. Transfer waiting time is calculated based on headway and departure time of intersecting routes and is divided into two parts. The first part can be reduced by changing departure times and was studied by the authors previously. The focus of the present research, however, is to minimize the second part of the transfer waiting time, dependent on the headways. The proposed optimization model in this paper includes both parts and is a nonlinear mathematical programming model. The model is decomposed to the departure time setting model (DSM) and the headway setting model (HSM). A solution... 

The traditional approach to origin-destination (OD) estimation based on data surveys is highly expensive. Therefore, researchers have attempted to develop reasonable low-cost approaches to estimating the OD vector, such as OD estimation based on traffic sensor data. In this estimation approach, the location problem for the sensors is critical. One type of sensor that can be used for this purpose, on which this paper focuses, is vehicle identification sensors. The information collected by these sensors that can be employed for OD estimation is discussed in this paper. We use data gathered by vehicle identification sensors that include an ID for each vehicle and the time at which the sensor... 

The annihilation of dark matter particles captured by the Sun can lead to a neutrino flux observable in neutrino detectors. Considering the fact that these dark matter particles are nonrelativistic, if a pair of dark matter annihilates to a neutrino pair, the spectrum of neutrinos will be monochromatic. We show that in this case, even after averaging over the production point inside the Sun, the oscillatory terms of the oscillation probability do not average to zero. This leads to interesting observable features in the annual variation of the number of muon track events. We show that smearing of the spectrum due to thermal distribution of dark matter inside the Sun is too small to wash out... 

There has been growing interest in exploiting cellular network data for transportation planning purposes in recent years. In this paper, we utilize these data for determining mode of travel in the city of Shiraz, Iran. Cellular data records -including location updates in 5minute time intervals- of 300,000 users from the city of Shiraz has been collected for 40 hours in three consecutive days in a cooperation with the major telecommunications service provider of the country. Depending on the density of mobile BTS's in different zones of the city, the user location can be located within an average of 200 meters. Considering data filtering and smoothing, data preparation and converting them to... 

The tendency towards using activity-based models to predict trip demand has increased dramatically over recent years, but these models have suffered insufficient data for calibration. This paper discusses ways to process the cellphone spatio-temporal data in a manner that makes it comprehensible for traffic interpretations and proposes methods on how to infer urban mobility and activity patterns from the aforementioned data. Movements of each subscriber is described by a sequence of stays and trips and each stay is labeled by an activity. The type of activities are estimated using features such as land use, duration of stay, frequency of visit, arrival time to that activity and its distance... 

This paper investigates the multiple output full bridge based DC-DC converter and derives the analytical expression for its cross regulation. The effect of input voltage is studied and a topology is proposed that boosts the input voltage by a single stage structure. The proposed converter is based on Z-Source Inverter. In addition, the modulation scheme of the converter is presented. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the analytical study