Sharif Digital Repository

Estimation of indirect economic losses due to natural disasters, especially earthquakes, is one of the essential issues in disaster management. This study presents a framework that uses an economic model of the community under study and calculates the indirect economic losses caused by an earthquake. To this end, first, the earthquake-induced direct economic losses are quantified using appropriate risk analysis models. The direct losses are used to characterize the consequent shock to labor and capital. These shocks are then used as inputs to the regional economic model. In the proposed framework, a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model uses various data about the state of the community... 

Various contaminants and their leachate, when they penetrate into the soil, cause changes in soil microstructure, this change in microstructure leads to changes in soil permeability and volume. In this study, first, the effects of soil microstructure change on the hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil were investigated using the change in initial saturation degree during compaction for compacted samples and the change in sample construction in reconstituted samples. Also, the simultaneous effect of changing the initial microstructure and salt solution on the hydraulic conductivity of saturated silty clay soils using a three-axial permeability device with the ability to measure volume... 

Natural disasters can damage the infrastructure of society. Damages to the infrastructure components of society can disrupt their service delivery. Disruption in providing services to society's infrastructure can disrupt social and economic activities and impose various significant costs on society. The cost of repairing the damaged infrastructure and reducing the income of households are among the economic damages of accidents. The decline in the quality of life, as well as the death and injury of people due to the breakdown of the infrastructure or the disruption in their services, are among the social damages caused by accidents. In the same way, natural disasters are considered a... 

Due to the vulnerability of urban fabric and residential buildings to earthquakes and considering its destructive social and economic effects on society, the need to adopt appropriate policies to prevent and reduce vulnerability, has been increasingly considered by policy makers. Despite the laws, regulations, incentives and penalties that policymakers have envisioned to prevent unprincipled and unsafe construction, evidence shows that a significant number of new buildings being built in the country are not earthquake resistant and there are many violations in design, implementation and supervision that is done by the stakeholders. To solve this problem, research has been done on the... 

One of the most important processes in the manufacture of mechanical parts in the industry is the machining process. High-speed milling is growing in aerospace, automotive, and many other industries due to advantages such as high material removal rates and better surface finish. However, the instability caused by self-excited vibration (chatter) is not only one of the main limitations for the productivity and quality of the workpiece but also reduces the life of machines and tools. In this research, after introducing the matter of milling flexible parts, the basic concepts of machining are first described, and common terms in machining are explained. Then, a review of past research has been... 

Vegetation can be used as a research solution at the cutting edge of knowledge, cost-effective, aesthetic, pleasing, and environmentally friendly in natural hazards. Understanding the hydraulic properties, including the permeability of vegetated soils, is very important for various environmental applications. Different and sometimes conflicting behaviors have been observed in literature. There has been no general consensus in the literature regarding permeability due to the influence of several factors. In addition, there are many uncertainties about the effect of plant cultivation and root system effects on anisotropic soil permeability. It is essential to address this issue because of the... 

The instability and contamination leakage through tailings dams is one of the major problems of them. These dams are usually constructed through self-consolidation with minimum compaction effort, so special attention must be given to the stability of these structures. In addition, tailings dams contain considerable amounts of metals and chemically soluble contaminants resulting from mining processes in their reservoirs, making them more likely to leak contamination from the dam's foundation and body, causing pollution downstream. The infiltration of various chemical contaminants into the soil may alter its hydraulic and resistance properties. Laboratory studies have shown that pore solution... 

The increase in the amount of groundwater exploitation and climate changes has made land subsidence into one of the environmental problems and has caused many problems in various infrastructures such as urban areas, residential buildings, and vital arteries such as power transmission lines. Many areas of the country, especially areas with smooth topography such as plains where alluvium accumulates, due to excessive exploitation of groundwater resources and climate changes, are facing a decrease in the level of groundwater, an increase in the thickness of the unsaturated layer, and as a result, progressive subsidence. In particular, the destructive effects of land subsidence on power... 

The purpose of this project is to model a rotating beam with variable properties of the cross section and also to present an active control method for suppressing the undesired vibrations due to external loading. The beam is modeled as a cantilever Euler-Bernoulli beam with nonuniform physical and geometrical properties. For a practical example, the characteristics of a wind turbine blade was used to solve the problem. The analyzed blade in this study is NREL 5-MW wind turbine blade. But the method can be extended to be used for other blades as well . First the natural frequencies and modeshapes were computed by MATLAB. Then by applying pole placement method, a control strategy was designed... 

In the aftermath of earthquakes, hospitals serve the critical role of treating casualties and reducing mortalities and severe injuries. A hospital must be resilient to play its role correctly after the earthquake. A resilient hospital is able to maintain its functionality at an acceptable level and provide service to the injured. In order to enhance the resilience of a hospital, an appropriate framework is needed to evaluate the hospital resilience and determines the impact of modification actions. This framework should characterize the serviceability of a hospital in terms of an appropriate metric. In this framework, the behavior of a given hospital building in the event of an earthquake as... 

This study provides a probabilistic framework for assessing and quantifying flood damage to infrastructure. This framework models the state of the community's infrastructure after the occurrence of possible floods in five steps. The first step is to model the hazard using a set of models that determine the characteristics of potential floods. The second step is to model and estimate the damage to community buildings and infrastructure. In the third step, infrastructure serviceability is modeled. The infrastructures that are modeled in this study are water distribution network, power network, transportation networks and industrial facilities for processing agricultural products. In the fourth... 

Vibrations in HAWT reduce their efficiency and increase maintenance costs. In this paper, the blade edgewise vibrations are reduced by using several actuators in different parts of the wind turbine blade and optimization of the number and locations of actuators. The wind turbine blade dynamic behavior is investigated by using dynamic modeling. The actuators are trusses that are located inside each blade and apply control force to different parts of the blade. Active control force is applied to reduce edgewise vibrations. The designed controller is applied and simulated on NREL 5MW wind turbine. By applying the controller, the edgewise vibrations of wind turbine blades are significantly... 

This study aims to investigate the cost and time uncertainty of the seismic repair process of structural elements in earthquake damaged buildings in Iran. In order to identify the most important type of structural system in the country, using the method of analytic hierarchy process (AHP), 39 activists in the field of construction were interviewed. Based on the results, in buildings with reinforced concrete materials, concrete moment frames and in buildings with steel materials, steel moment frames and braced steel braced frames are the most important structural systems. By selecting the structural component of lateral load-bearing in each of the mentioned structural systems and considering... 

The main goal of controlling overhead crane systems is to safely transfer the load to its desired position with maximum speed and accuracy, as well as to minimize or eliminate load oscillations. The overhead crane system is considered as an underactuated mechanical system in which the number of control inputs (actuators) is less than the number of degrees of freedom. In addition, overhead crane systems are generally associated with parametric or unmodeled uncertainties. Also, in these systems, external disturbances such as wind have a destructive effect on the system's performance. In addition, if the overhead crane has the hoisting mechanism and the length of the rope changes as the trolley... 

Measurement of efficiency is a significant issue in organizations which is used to improvement efficiency and performance .one of the serious offaires in any country, is banking, inefficiency in which leads to problems and obstacles in developing capital market. In this research, Data Envelopment Analysis models are used to estimate the extent of performance in decision making units (DMU’s) to improve inefficient ones. We change the inputs ( outputs) to a special unit at both the constancy or improvement of efficiency using the DEA models, we estimate the values of output ( input ) levels. Howeve, we assume the data of (the values of input ( output ) levels ) can be either crisp or interval....