Sharif Digital Repository

Considerable portion of energy losses in a vehicle traced to tire. Energy losses in a tire are due to tire longitudinal slip as well as rolling resistance. Hence, both of aforementioned factors must take into the consideration to study the tire energy loss. Present paper aims to investigate the power losses in tires and to examine influence of road conditions and tire inflation pressure on them. To cover the real-world conditions, experiments were done on a gasoline-fueled passenger vehicle on an urban highway along two routes with same length and opposite gradients to comprise the change of road conditions. Then, by use of engine performance model which is prepared in dynamometer... 

Considerable portion of energy losses in a vehicle traced to tire. Energy losses in a tire are due to tire longitudinal slip as well as rolling resistance. Hence, both of aforementioned factors must take into the consideration to study the tire energy loss. Present paper aims to investigate the power losses in tires and to examine influence of road conditions and tire inflation pressure on them. To cover the real-world conditions, experiments were done on a gasoline-fueled passenger vehicle on an urban highway along two routes with same length and opposite gradients to comprise the change of road conditions. Then, by use of engine performance model which is prepared in dynamometer... 

Lead-acid battery is a storage technology that is widely used in photovoltaic (PV) systems. Battery charging and discharging profiles have a direct impact on the battery degradation and battery loss of life. This study presents a new 2-model iterative approach for explicit modelling of battery degradation in the optimal operation of PV systems. The proposed approach consists of two models: namely, economic model and degradation model which are solved iteratively to reach the optimal solution. The economic model is a linear programming optimisation problem that calculates the optimal hourly battery use profile based on an assumed value of the battery degradation cost. The degradation model,... 

Stress sensitivity is a phenomenon that affects reservoir rock properties, such as permeability and therefore changes the well pressure transient behavior. This paper aims to study these behaviors in stress sensitive reservoirs and evaluate the pressure loss in such reservoirs during the process of hydrocarbon production. A power model is used to correlate the changes in permeability with pore pressure. A novel semi-implicit three-dimensional finite element method has been employed to numerically solve the flow problem. The numerical results have been validated by analytical results obtained in a non-sensitive reservoir. Pressure drawdown test for different scenarios has been studied. The... 

In this study, the aeroelastic stability and response of an aircraft swept composite wing in subsonic compressible flow are investigated. The composite wing was modeled as an anisotropic thin-walled composite beam with the circumferentially asymmetric stiffness structural configuration to establish proper coupling between bending and torsion. Also, the structural model consists of a number of nonclassical effects, such as transverse shear, material anisotropy, warping inhibition, nonuniform torsional model, and rotary inertia. The finite state form of the unsteady aerodynamic loads have been modeled based on the indicial aerodynamic theory and strip theory in the subsonic compressible flow.... 

Nonlinear torsional vibrations of thin-walled beams exhibiting primary and secondary warpings are investigated. The coupled nonlinear torsional-axial equations of motion are considered. Ignoring the axial inertia term leads to a differential equation of motion in terms of angle of twist. Two sets of torsional boundary conditions, that is, clamped-clamped and clamped-free boundary conditions are considered. The governing partial differential equation of motion is discretized and transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations of motion using Galerkin's method. Then, the method of multiple scales is used to solve the time domain equations and derive the equations governing the... 

A new beam theory different from the traditional first-order shear deformation beam theory is used to analyze free vibration of functionally graded beams. The beam properties are assumed to be varied through the thickness following a simple power law distribution in terms of volume fraction of material constituents. It is assumed that the lateral normal stress of the beam is zero and the governing equations of motion are derived using Hamilton's principle. Resulting system of ordinary differential equations of free vibration analysis is solved using an analytical method. Different boundary conditions are considered and comparisons are made among different beam theories. Also, the effects of... 

Open-pore titanium scaffolds were fabricated by sintering of compressed mixtures of TiH1.924 and urea. Spherical and irregular shaped space holders were used to investigate the effect of pore shape on cellular behavior. After removal of the space holder, the shape of the spacers was replicated to the pores. Average diameter of the pores was in the range of 300-600 lm. SEM images showed that titanium hydride resulted in higher surface roughness and larger micro porosities than pure titanium. In vitro evaluationswere carried out by using MTT assay, measuring alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red staining in flow perfusion bioreactor for cell culture. Observations revealed excellent... 

Conventional lateral resisting systems can provide sufficient strength and ductility for design based earthquakes, although the considerable residual deformation remaining in the plasticized regions undermines the resiliency of the structures. In order to resolve this problem, various self-centering systems have been proposed and tested in recent years, most of which are specified for new buildings and are not simply suitable for retrofitting applications. Moreover, the available self-centering systems are costly and complex to assemble, which can be considered as a serious barrier for practical application. To address these drawbacks, an innovative Core-Less Self-Centering (CLSC) brace is... 

An enhanced media access control (MAC) layer protocol that uses the signaling method benefits of the physical layer in order to provide different levels of quality to different users in optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) packet networks is presented. In the proposed network architecture the users are categorized into two classes of service, one having a higher quality level and the other having a lower quality level. Users of each class transmit at the same power level and different from the other classes’ users. Also, the MAC of each user estimates the amount of interference on the channel and adjusts the packet transmission’s time to improve network performance. Through... 

The aim of this study is to carry out the numerical computation of nonlinear normal modes for rotating pretwisted composite thin-walled beam in axial-torsional vibrations. The structural model considered here, incorporates a number of non-classical effects such as primary and secondary warping, non-uniform torsional model, rotary inertia and pretwist angle. Ignoring the axial inertia term leads to differential equation of motion in terms of angle of twist in the case of axially immovable beam ends. The governing differential equations of motion are derived using Hamilton's principle and the reduced model around the static equilibrium position is obtained using 2-mode Galerkin discretization... 

This article investigates the free vibration of the rotating, tapered, thin-walled, composite box beam. The structural model incorporates a number of non-classical effects, such as transverse shear, warping inhibition, non-uniformtorsional model, and rotary inertia.The results obtained in this article seek to clarify the effect of flap-twist coupling, taper ratio, slenderness ratio, angular velocity, fibre orientation, and hub ratio on natural frequencies and mode shapes of the rotating thin-walled composite beams. The results are expected to offer better predictions of the vibrational behaviour of these kinds of structures in general, and in the design of rotor blades of turbo machinery, in...