Sharif Digital Repository

In this work, the possibility of capacity enhancement in the South Pars Gas Complex of Iran has been studied. Mass balance is studied and data validation and reconciliation have been carried out in 5th refinery of South Pars Gas Complex in order to achieve the reliable data of the plant. Then the possibility of capacity increase has been studied, taking into account the important parameters such as alteration of the plant pressure profile. Calculation of the key parameters for different equipment at higher feed rate, specified the unit of operations which may have trouble during the capacity enhancement. The performance of export gas compressors, dehydration unit and High-Integrity Pressure... 

In this study, corrosion behaviour of porous NiTi modified by plasma sprayed alumina coating has been investigated. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques were applied for the morphology and microstructure characterisation, while linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used for investigation of corrosion behaviour of coated and uncoated NiTi specimens. Induced couple plasma was conducted to measure ion release of the specimens in simulated body fluid at 37°C. The plasma sprayed Al2O3 coating on the porous NiTi improved the surface characteristics for biomedical applications. The alumina coating significantly hampered Ni ion release from... 

An explicit hybrid stabilization method is utilized together with a reduced order integration scheme to stabilize spurious zero energy modes from the sub-integrated degenerated shell element. This stabilization is achieved after employing appropriate contravariant higher order stress modes. The relevant finite element formulation of the piezolaminated nine-nodded shell element is then derived to analyze smart structures behaviors. To show the capabilities of the presented formulation, it has been implemented in a finite element code. The developed code is used to analyze some typical problems. The results are compared with those obtained from other schemes in the literature and experiments  

Geothermal energy is a type of renewable energy with high availability and independence from climatic and atmospheric conditions. It has been shown that geothermal energy is technically, economically and environmentally more suitable for hydrogen production than other renewable sources. Hydrogen has wide applications in many fields including cooling, oil, gas, petrochemical, nuclear, and energy industries. Afghanistan has significant potential in geothermal power generation and also several hydrogen-consuming industries that provide opportunities for geothermal-based hydrogen production. This study attempted to find suitable locations for the construction of geothermal power plant for... 

Optical tweezers are proven and indispensable micro-manipulation tools. It is very common to use an immersion-assisted high NA objective for optical trapping of micrometer-sized beads. However, such objectives suffer from low working depth range. Here we show, both by theory and experiment, that a dry objective can be utilized for optimal trapping of even sub-micrometer objects. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we were able to stably trap polystyrene beads with radii of 270 and 175 nm in 3D using an objective with numerical aperture of 0.9. © 2022 Optica Publishing Group  

This paper presents a numerical simulation approach to investigate the water effect as an auxiliary fluid in direct contact with various phase change materials (PCMs). The technique is defined as a hybrid method due to the using of an external intermediary for melting process improvement. Oleic acid (OA), coconut oil (CO), hexadecane, and heptadecane are selected as PCMs due to immiscibility in water and differences in density, melting point, and enthalpy of fusion. An auxiliary fluid is embedded above PCM in an enclosure subjected to sinusoidal wall temperature for melting rate increase through density differences improving heat transfer rate due to materials displacement during process.... 

This study investigates the performance of geogrid-reinforced unbound pavement layer. In this study, geogrid was used in various layouts and numbers using three different gradation of granular materials. Light weight deflectometer (LWD) device is known as a useful tool to evaluate the stiffness of unbound pavement layers. In this study, the LWD was utilized to experimentally investigate factors affecting the performance of geogrid reinforcement, including the number of geogrids, geogrid layout, and the gradation of unbound layer. There are several parameters which affect the LWD test results including the hammer weight, the falling height, and the surface stress. The effect of these... 

This study investigates the performance of geogrid-reinforced unbound pavement layer. In this study, geogrid was used in various layouts and numbers using three different gradation of granular materials. Light weight deflectometer (LWD) device is known as a useful tool to evaluate the stiffness of unbound pavement layers. In this study, the LWD was utilized to experimentally investigate factors affecting the performance of geogrid reinforcement, including the number of geogrids, geogrid layout, and the gradation of unbound layer. There are several parameters which affect the LWD test results including the hammer weight, the falling height, and the surface stress. The effect of these... 

In this paper, a comprehensive analytical study is performed to assess the lycopodium-diesel dual-fuel combustion system in counter-flow premixed configuration. The system is modeled as multiple zones that are coupled together via proper boundary and jump conditions on interfaces. According to the respective reaction and transport phenomena in these zones, conservation equations of mass and energy are derived, non-dimensionalized, and solved by Matlab and Mathematica in an analytical way. The porosity of lycopodium particles and the thermal radiation from the reaction zone and the post-flame zones into the preheating zone are considered, in order to improve the realism and accuracy of the... 

The Ni-base superalloy GTD-111 is employed in high-power stationary gas turbines because of its high temperature strength and oxidation resistance. The temperature dependence of the tensile behavior of GTD-111 has been studied by tensile tests in the temperature range of 25-900°C with a constant strain rate of 10-4s-1. The results showed an abnormal tensile property variation with increasing temperature. The yield strength decreased slightly with temperature up to about 650°C and then increased between 650 and 750°C. Above 750°C, a rapid decrease in the yield strength was found. The tensile strength showed a similar behavior except for its maximum that occurred at 650°C. The elongation... 

To overcome recent energy and environment challenges, developing efficient and low cost photocatalysts are unavoidable. In this context, design of semiconductor nanostructures modified with earth abundant co-catalysts for water splitting reactions requires well engineered and controlled process to optimize surface interface and maximize nanocomposite system efficiency. Here, TiO2 nanotube were synthesized electrochemically and decorated with cobalt based nanostructure co-catalyst for water oxidation reaction using low cost and scalable electro-deposition approach. By changing deposition parameters and complete studying on samples surface morphology and related statistical analysis data,... 

Herein we describe the synthesis and characterization of the first platinum(IV) metal-organic cage [(Me3PtIV)8(byp)12](OTf)8 (2), in which the organometallic moieties trimethylplatinum(IV) (PtMe3) occupied the corners of a cubane structure and 4,4′-bipyridine ligands used as linkers. The first-principles density functional theory calculations showed that the highest occupied molecular orbitals were localized on the PtMe3 moieties, while the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals were distributed on the organic linkers. © 2021 American Chemical Society  

Herein we describe the synthesis and characterization of the first platinum(IV) metal-organic cage [(Me3PtIV)8(byp)12](OTf)8 (2), in which the organometallic moieties trimethylplatinum(IV) (PtMe3) occupied the corners of a cubane structure and 4,4′-bipyridine ligands used as linkers. The first-principles density functional theory calculations showed that the highest occupied molecular orbitals were localized on the PtMe3 moieties, while the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals were distributed on the organic linkers. © 2021 American Chemical Society  

The aim of this research is the study of hexyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (HTPB) ionic liquid as a bifunctional promoter (solvent and catalyst) in the presence of cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate as a single electron oxidant for the Michael reaction at room temperature and solvent-free conditions. A novel, one-pot and environmentally benign the process to achieve the chemoselective of 2-(3-oxo-1,3-diarylpropyl)malononitrile derivatives instead of 2-(1,3-diarylallylidene)malononitriles using a three-component reaction involving acetophenone derivatives, various aromatic aldehydes and malononitrile was developed. This protocol is simple and provides biologically interesting products in good... 

In this study, hydrogen generation is maximised by optimising the size and the operating conditions of an electrolyser (EL) directly connected to a photovoltaic (PV) module at different irradiance. Due to the variations of maximum power points of the PV module during a year and the complexity of the system, a nonlinear approach is considered. A mathematical model has been developed to determine the performance of the PV/EL system. The optimisation methodology presented here is based on the particle swarm optimisation algorithm. By this method, for the given number of PV modules, the optimal sizeand operating condition of a PV/EL system areachieved. The approach can be applied for different... 

Due to their agile manoeuvrability and simplicity of construction, quadrotor are employed in a variety of applications. Most of their expenses are due to complex control systems, since, to reduce these expenses, low cost control methods which are based on linear models should be used to achieve an autonomous flight. First, the process of accurate dynamic modeling of a sample quad rotor which is simulated by MATLAB SIMULINK is presented. Then, a frequency sweep input stimulates the virtual model in order to identify a linear model based on frequency response analysis. Consequently, the desired linear model is obtained in both hover and yaw mode of motion. However, pitch and roll mode were too... 

With the outbreak of the coronavirus in countries around the world, governments have decided to impose restrictions and social distancing. Closures of businesses, and hence changes in supply and demand patterns during this period, have deepened concerns among policy makers. In this article, we investigate the change in primary energy consumption in the 20 European countries that have the highest GDP. To this end, 10 different shock scenarios and its limitations are considered. By implementing these shocks into input-output modelling, changes in primary energy consumption are calculated. The results show that according to the best scenario (rapid and complete economy restoration), Russia with... 

During recent years, extensive studies have been conducted around the world documenting liquefaction induced lateral spreading and its effects on deep foundations. This study is aimed to numerically model a shaking table experiment, to investigate the effect of lateral spreading on piles and also to assess the capability of an advanced critical state two-surface plasticity model in predicting soil and pile responses to lateral spreading. Changes in permeability of the soil layers during the shaking are also accounted for using the software's built-in programming language, FISH. Numerical results showed that the onset of liquefaction occurs after just a few cycles from the beginning of the... 

Fusion of high spectral but low spatial resolution multispectral and low spectral but high spatial resolution panchromatic satellite images is a very useful technique in various remote sensing applications, such as change detection. Recently, some studies showed that wavelet-based image fusion methods provide high quality spectral content of the fused image. However, most of wavelet-based methods have a spatial resolution of the fused result less than the Brovey, IHS, and PCA fusion methods. This is mainly because real wavelet transform cannot efficiently represent the singularity of linear/curved contents. In this paper, we introduce a new method based on the contourlet transform which... 

The purpose of the present study is to develop the neutron diffusion solver and neutron noise simulator based on the Boundary Element Method (BEM). The 2-D, 2-G neutron/adjoint diffusion equation and corresponding neutron/adjoint noise equation were solved using the mentioned method. The developed neutron static and noise simulator based on the finite element method gives accurate results when the more number of the elements is used. The motivation of the present research is to use the boundary element method to reduce the computational cost. The boundary element method attempts to use the given boundary conditions to fit boundary values into the integral equation, rather than values...