Sharif Digital Repository

Empirical finding and evidence asserts that families, in response to income shock, allegedly use their children as income sources and have them to participate in the labor market. By making use of Propensity Score Matching and Heckman Two Steps models and exogenous agricultural income shocks, we examine the hypothesis for the families in the rural areas of Iran. We use the Households' Income and Expenditures Survey of Iran for two consequent years of 1393 (2014) and 1394 (2015). The working sample is restricted to households with children aged between 10-17 years old. Our findings show that the outcome of interest, daily work hours, is not significantly affected by the exogenous shocks of... 

There are two viewpoints about pyramid shareholding and cross ownership; first, shareholders want to increase their control over firms. Second, by pyramidal structure and cross ownership, firms internalize weakness of financial market and lack of some financial institutions. In order to identify reason(s) of this issue, we must first recognize affiliated firms and their networks. In this study, we identify firms’ networks in Iran by three definitions: shareholder network, owner network and director network. Then we estimate any correlation between returns synchronicity and being in a same network. Our results show that more than 40% of studied firms are affiliated. Also there is positive... 

We examine the economic implications of the SEC disclosure rules for companies doing business with Iran on their riskiness of debt. We exploit Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act (ITRA), which requires companies listed on U.S exchanges to disclose their activities and transactions with Iranian institutions. We analyze the impact of the first ITRA disclosure on the cost of capital for both American and foreign companies listed on the US exchanges. Using a difference-in-difference approach, we document a negative impact of ITRA disclosures on loan spread and credit rating of foreign companies. Further, using textual analysis, we identify the elements in the... 

Credit risk is the possibility of a loss resulting from a borrower's failure to repay a loan or meet contractual obligations. All banks and financial institutions need to manage credit risk of their lending portfolios to maximize risk-adjusted rate of return and obey regulatory rules. The most commonly used method for determining credit risk is to calculate the maximum loss within the “Value at Risk” framework.Previous studies proposed different models for Credit VaR calculation like Vasicek Model and Credit Risk Plus Model. Furthermore, due to the high growth of computing power and easy access to information, the application of data-driven models such as Machine Learning has been increasing... 

In this study, I examine the role of board composition and ownership structure and trading days on board compensation of 156 Iranian non-financial public firms. Regarding board composition, I find that board size, CEO-Directorship, and the presence of busy directors positively explain board bonus. Concerning ownership structure, results reveal that outside block-holders and the percentage of individual investors negatively influence on board bonus. Also, trading days is proved to have a positive impact on board bonus. Furthermore, I examine the impact of compensation relating to board composition and ownership structure and trading days (predicted compensation) on the future operating... 

In this study, the intensity of child labor has been investigated by modeling household behavior in a framework of collective decision-making on resource allocation, and for this purpose, a household utility maximization problem has been used in which child’s and parents’ wages, non-working incomes, education level for bargaining power as well as several variables at the social level such as unemployment rate, divorce rate and Gini coefficient have been used to reflect labor market conditions. In this study, the structure of equations for girls and boys in urban and rural areas has been estimated by using raw household budget data for 2015 in Iran and multivariate Tobit technique. Findings... 

Plant layout and siting are the earliest steps in any process design that may have significant effects on the further required level of safety and costs. Extensive carried out studies have been published in literatures in which, the safety factor has been taken into account in the form of prediction the severity of likely accidents. Majority of these studies are based on the accident consequence and other important parameters such as the accident frequency and the density of vulnerable items have been ignored. This recent negligence may lead to over conservative designs. To eliminate this recent deficiency, quantitative risk assessment (QRA) is the best procedure than can be suggested.... 

Currently, in the Islamic Republic of Iran, after aviation accidents and incidents, conversations between pilots and air traffic controllers are re-examined by the State Air Transport Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran and turned into text. The Automatic Recognition System for Pilot-Air Traffic Service Units’ Communication helps in the implementation of speech recognition. Reducing the time and cost of converting conversations into texts and creating an aviation database in the country are other uses of this system. In this research, after collecting and refining the actual conversation between pilots and air traffic controllers and examining seven methods, we design a system that... 

In this study, we estimate the effect of overeducation on the gender pay gap in the private and public sectors, using Household Expenditure and Income Data of 1396. For this purpose, the realized matching method is used to calculate the overeducation and the Oaxaca and Blinder decomposition model to calculate wage gap. The results show that being female in both the private and public sectors has a negative effect on wages, but this effect is much stronger in the private sector. We also find that the gender wage gap among overeducated is lower than propereducated. The gender pay gap and its unexplained componentin among overeducated worker in both sectors is less than propereducated worker.... 

In this study, we intend to examine the effect of physicians’ leisure and parents’ preferences on the choice of the date of C-section. According to the literature, the comfort and convenience of the physician is one of the main factors contributing to the fact that less C-sections are scheduled on weekends compared to other days. On the other hand, avoidance of C-section on the 13th of the month as well as increase of C-section on certain special dates has been observed in different counties. In this study, we use national birth data in Iran from 2013 through 2017. During this period, cesarean rate was about 50% nationwide. According to the results, C-section is reduced by 72%, 42% and 12%... 

Classical financial literature believes that people's decisions in financial markets are rational and that asset prices remain at their intrinsic value. On the other hand, behavioral finance literature believes that there are limitations in investors' decision-making and the impact of decisions on emotions, and states that investors' emotions directly affect asset prices. The aim of this research is to investigate which of the famous indicators introduced in the literature as a representative of the emotional behavior of investors has a better performance in predicting the returns of cryptocurrencies. For this purpose, in the first step, the information related to the calculation of three... 

Business incubators admit young startups and help them grow by providing them with a number of services. The startups are put through an admission process, and the incubator is not fully aware of the quality of the startups she is admitting. On the other hand, once inside the incubator, a startup may choose not to exert a high level of effort, as the incubator cannot fully monitor its behaviour. In other words the incubator faces a problem of adverse selection plus moral hazard.Adverse selection and moral hazard between investor and investee (which is not dissimilar to the relationship between incubator and startup) has a vast literature. However, one important difference is that in the... 

This Thesis was an effort to write and quantify an agricultural economic model for Urmia Lake Basin and evaluate the change in water consumption in reaction to a policy change. Aggregated form of the data gathered from 33 counties located in Urmia Lake Basin was used in this research. This data includes the quantity used of each input and their costs, in addition to crop yield and their selling price. In our model, the representative farmer takes into account the price of various inputs, crops and the condition of the farm and its limitations and decides on the profit-maximizing crop pattern. In this model, water is one of the most important inputs and its price and availability, effects the...