Sharif Digital Repository

Human body is constantly under the influence of acceleration loads in environments such as combat flying. This study investigates the effect of body acceleration on human heart function by using finite element analysis. The nonlinear mechanical behavior of myocardium is modeled by Yeoh hyperelastic model. Stress-strain curves of myocardium are determined based on uniaxial compression tests on bovine heart samples. Nonlinear least square curve fitting is conducted in order to obtain material parameters. Heart geometrical modeling in threedimension is done by segmentation of cardiac MRI images. Obtained material coefficients are assigned to the constructed heart model and appropriate pressure... 

Body force modeling is studied in the Generalized Newtonian (GN) fluid flow simulation using a single relaxation time lattice Boltzmann (LB) method. First, in a shear thickening Poiseuille flow, the necessity for studying body force modeling in the LB method is explained. Then, a parametric unified framework is constructed for the first time which is composed of a parametric LB model and its associated macroscopic dual equations in both steady state and transient simulations. This unified framework is used to compare the macroscopic behavior of different forcing models. Besides, using this unified framework, a new forcing model for steady state simulations is devised. Finally, by solving a... 

In this paper, the governing equations and boundary conditions of a functionally graded Euler-Bernoulli beam are developed based on the non-local theory of elasticity. Afterward, the free vibration is investigated and the effects of the axial load, the non-local parameter and the power index on the natural frequency of a hinged-hinged beam is assessed. The results indicate that the non-local parameter has a decreasing effect on the frequency while the power index has an increasing effect. It is also noted that the effect of the axial load is increasing too  

This study investigates the effect of body acceleration on human cardiac function. Finite element analysis is conducted to simulate geometrical and mechanical properties of human heart. Heart geometrical modeling in three-dimension is performed by segmentation of cardiac MRI images. The nonlinear mechanical behavior of myocardium is modeled by Mooney-Rivlin, Polynomial, Ogden and Yeoh hyperelastic material models. Stress-strain curves of myocardial tissue are obtained from experimental compression tests on bovine heart samples. The experimental results are employed for the evaluation of material coefficients by the nonlinear least squares method. Among hyperelastic models, the Yeoh model... 

This paper presents analytical soltions for the nonlinear problem of electrostatically actuated torsional micromirrors considering the bending of the torsional beams. First the energy method is used for finding the equilibrium equations. Then the explicit function theorem is utilized for finding the equations governing the instability mode of the mirror. These equations are then solved using Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) for the especial case of α = 0 where α is a small nondimensional geometrical parameter defining the starting point of the underneath electrodes. Then straight forward perturbation method is applied for finding the pull-in angle and pull-in displacement of the... 

The objective of this work is to create an analytical framework to study the static pull-in and also equilibrium behavior in electrostatically actuated torsional micromirrors. First the equation governing the static behavior of electrostatic torsion micromirrors is derived and normalized. Perturbation method, the method of straight forward expansion is utilized to find the pull-in angle of the mirror. Comparison of the presented results with numerical ones available in the literature shows that the proposed second order perturbation expansion gives very precise approximations for the pull-in angle of the mirror. Then straightforward perturbation expansion method is used again to analytically... 

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consume energy for their sensing, computation, and communication. To extend the lifetime of the network, sensor nodes are equipped with energy storage devices. Recharging of their batteries is impossible in most applications. Therefore, energy consumption needs to be monitored and limited to extend the high performance operation of the network. In this network, the communication module consumes the highest amount of energy. This paper demonstrates that among several methods offered to reduce the energy consumption, data compression has the highest effect on the energy usage by reducing the number of bits to be broadcasted. To determine the energy efficiency of... 

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) use energy for their sensing, computation, and communication. To increase the lifetime of the network, sensor nodes are equipped with energy storage devices. Recharging of their batteries is not possible in most applications. Therefore, energy consumption needs to be monitored and limited to increase the energy consumption performance of the network. The communication module uses the highest amount of energy in a WSN. Among several methods offered to reduce the energy consumption, data compression has the highest effect on the energy usage by reducing the number of bits to be broadcasted. This paper illustrates an energy consumption reduction in WSN by... 

A modified weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (WCSPH) is presented, which utilizes consistent discretization schemes for spatial derivatives in the flow equations. Here, each SPH particle is considered as a computational point that represents a specific part of the fluid. To overcome non-physical oscillations that usually arise in standard WCSPH, we modified the mass conservation equation by using a numerical filter. This modification is based on the difference between two discretization schemes used for the term ∇{dot operator}∇Pρ. Furthermore, a new implementation of wall boundary condition in SPH is introduced. This condition is imposed on the pressure of wall boundary... 

In this paper, the elastic properties of monomeric actin (G-actin) and the trimer nucleus (G-actin trimer) in different states of nucleotide binding are estimated using steered molecular dynamic (SMD) simulations. Three nucleotide binding states are considered: ADP- and ATP-bound actin and nucleotide-free actin assemblies. Our results show that nucleotide binding and the corresponding changes in structure have significant effects on the mechanical behaviors of actin assemblies. Simulations reveal that the deformation behavior of G-actin monomers is generally elastic up to engineering strains of 16 and 40% in the tension and shear tests, respectively. In addition, the G-actin trimers react... 

In this paper, the problem of Optimal Trajectory Planning for a high speed planing boat under nonlinear equality and inequality path constraints, is addressed. First, a nonlinear mathematical model of the craft's dynamic is constructed. To solve a trajectory optimization problem, we can utilize the indirect or direct methods. In the indirect methods, the maximum principle of Pontryagin is used to transform the optimal control problem into Euler-Lagrange equations, on the other hand, in the direct methods it is necessary to transcribe the optimal control problem into a nonlinear programming problem (NLP) by discretization of states and controls. The resulted NLP can be solved by... 

In this paper, a fully coupled numerical model is presented for the finite element analysis of the deforming porous medium interacting with the flow of two immiscible compressible wetting and non-wetting pore fluids. The governing equations involving coupled fluid flow and deformation processes in unsaturated soils are derived within the framework of the generalized Biot theory. The displacements of the solid phase, the pressure of the wetting phase and the capillary pressure are taken as the primary unknowns of the present formulation. The other variables are incorporated into the model using the experimentally determined functions that define the relationship between the hydraulic... 

Several schemes for discretization of first and second derivatives are available in Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). Here, four schemes for approximation of the first derivative and three schemes for the second derivative are examined using a theoretical analysis based on Taylor series expansion both for regular and irregular particle distributions. Estimation of terms in the truncation errors shows that only the renormalized (the first-order consistent) scheme has acceptable convergence properties to approximate the first derivative. None of the second derivative schemes has the first-order consistency. Therefore, they converge only when the particle spacing decreases much faster than... 

Weakly Compressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (WCSPH) can lead to non-physical oscillations in the pressure and density fields when simulating incompressible flow problems. This in turn may result in tensile instability and sometimes divergence. In this paper, it is shown that this difficulty originates from the specific form of spatial discretization used for the pressure term when solving the mass conservation equation. After describing the pressure-velocity decoupling problem associated with the so-called colocated grid methods, a modified approach is presented that overcomes this problem using a different discretization scheme for the second derivative of pressure. The modified... 

This paper presents a detailed frequency-domain system identification method applied to identify steering dynamics of a coastal patrol vessel using a data analysis software called CIFER. Advanced features such as the Chirp-Z transform and composite window optimization are used to extract high quality frequency responses. An accurate, robust and linear transfer function model is derived for yaw and roll dynamics of the vessel. To evaluate the accuracy of the identified model, time domain responses from a 45-45 zig-zag test are compared with the responses predicted by the identified model. The identified model shows excellent predictive capability and is well suited for simulation and... 

In this paper, the effect of van der Waals (vdW) force on the pull-in behavior of electrostatically actuated nano/micromirrors is investigated. First, the minimum potential energy principle is utilized to find the equation governing the static behavior of nano/micromirror under electrostatic and vdW forces. Then, the stability of static equilibrium points is analyzed using the energy method. It is found that when there exist two equilibrium points, the smaller one is stable and the larger one is unstable. The effects of different design parameters on the mirror's pull-in angle and pull-in voltage are studied and it is found that vdW force can considerably reduce the stability limit of the... 

This paper points out a flaw in the derivation of the optimal price and warranty length policies proposed by Wu et al. (2006) (Wu, C.C., Lin, P.C., Chou, C.Y. Determination of price and warranty length for a normal lifetime distributed product. International Journal of Production Economics 102 (2006): 95–107). While we show one of the optimal strategies that they considered is incorrect, correct versions of the optimal strategies are presented  

Ground-state fidelity (GSF) and quantum renormalization group (QRG) theory have proven to be useful tools in the study of quantum critical systems. Here we lay out a general, unified formalism of GSF and QRG; specifically, we propose a method for calculating GSF through QRG, obviating the need for calculating or approximating ground states. This method thus enhances the characterization of quantum criticality as well as scaling analysis of relevant properties with system size. We illustrate the formalism in the one-dimensional Ising model in a transverse field (ITF) and the anisotropic spin-1/2 Heisenberg (XXZ) model. Explicitly, we find the scaling behavior of the GSF for the ITF model in... 

This paper presents free vibration analysis of functionally graded material (FGM) beams with different boundary conditions, using RKPM (Reproducing Kernel Particle Method), which is a meshless method. System of equations of motion is derived by using Lagrange's method under the assumption of Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. Boundary conditions of beam are taken into account by using Lagrange multipliers. It is assumed that material properties of the beam vary continuously in the thickness direction according to the power-law form. RKPM is applied to obtain eigenvalue equation of vibration and natural frequencies are obtained. It should be noted that for special cases where the beam is uniform,... 

Hollow Spherical Structures such as spherical pressure vessels are widely used in industries. Using faster numerical methods to solve these spherical problems has been one of the research interests in the last decade. Super elements are elements capable of producing the same accurate result in comparison with several conventional elements. In this paper, a new spherical super element is designed and implemented to study the static deformation and modal analysis of a spherical structure. In the static analysis mean of the inner radial displacements of the hollow structure under the internal pressure is evaluated. also performing the modal analysis, natural frequencies of the structure under...