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Two sequencing batch reactors were operated to investigate the effect of influent alkalinity and reactor pH on aerobic granulation. In the first reactor R1 with high influent alkalinity the pH was adjusted in the neutral range, and in the second reactor R2 with low alkalinity the pH was held within the acidic range. The R1-dominating species were bacteria and the appearance time of granules was three weeks after reactor start-up. On the other hand, the acidic environment of R2 provided favorable conditions for fungal growth, and rapid granule formation occurred within the first week of operation. The varying microbial structure of granules resulted in different reactor performance in terms... 

Abstract Background: The aim of this study is to accelerate and improve aerobic granulation within a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) by cationic polymer addition. Methods: To identify whether the polymer additive is capable of enhancing granule formation, two SBRs (R1 and R2, each 0.15 m in diameter and 2 m in height) are used by feeding synthetic wastewater. The cationic polymer with concentration of 30 to 2 ppm is added to R2, while no cationic polymer is added to R1. Results: Results show that the cationic polymer addition causes faster granule formation and consequently shorter reactor start-up period. The polymer-amended reactor contains higher concentration of biomass with better... 

Knowledge of Air-water two phase flows is significant to different engineering systems such as chemical reactors and power plant and petrochemical and petroleum industry. One of the most industrial cases of two phase flow is two phase flow in vertical large pipes. In this paper in order to find two phase flow behavior along vertical large diameter pipes we simulate air inlets with different number of holes and different hole diameters in the same flow rate of air. In addition, flow characteristics such as cross-sectional void fraction and velocity and pressure were considered. To achieve this aim, main equations of flow have been developed for investigation of flow behavior in air-water two... 

This paper presents the design performance characteristics of a novel Robotic Mannequin, “RoMa”, developed for the fashion industry. RoMa, a full-body humanoid social robot platform, is currently in the final stages of development for visual merchandising to promote customer appeal. RoMa is characterized by nine features which are listed as: appealing appearance, avoiding the uncanny valley, easy maintenance, interactive, light weight, low developmental cost, suitable body movements, suitable color, and user friendly. In this paper, important design procedures and considerations are briefly presented and discussed. © 2017, Springer International Publishing AG  

As in many other methods that have integrated nanoparticles (NPs), the chemical nose/tongue strategy has also progressed greatly since the entrance of NPs into this field. The fascinating tunable physicochemical properties of NPs have made them powerful candidates for array-based sensing platforms and have enabled the development of real-time, sensitive and portable systems that are able to target complex mixtures of analytes. In particular, the unique optical properties of NPs have a key role in providing promising array-based sensing approaches. This review will describe the main aspects and processes of most common NP-based optical sensor arrays. The fundamental steps in the design of a...