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Experimental Investigation of Pulsating Heat Pipe Filled with Nanofluid and Microfluid and Influencing Factors
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Saidi, Mohammad Hassan (Supervisor) ; Behshad Shafii, Mohammad (Co-Advisor) ; Afshin, Hossein (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
Improving efficiency of heat exchangers has always been an important concern for the industry. Pulsating heat pipes are novel and efficient technology in the field of heat transfer. Pulsating heat pipes are widely used in solar water heaters, solar desalination systems, air conditioning systems, cooling of electronical boards, etc. these applications explain the necessity of performing this study in our country. In this research, thermal performance of open loop pulsating heat pipes using two operating fluids (ferrofluid with surfactant and aluminum microfluid) is experimentally investigated. Start-up and steady thermal performance of pulsating heat pipes charged with these two operating...
Traffic Light Smartification Using Graphs
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Hemmatyar, Ali Mohammad Afshin (Supervisor) ; Haj Sadeghi, Khosrow (Supervisor)
Abstract
Since traffic lights are the only mechanized system at street level, their operation mode affects traffic congestion. Since traffic lights organize vehicles at crossways, the target of traffic light smartification is to reduce waiting time based on the density of traffic flows. There are many topics that work in this field to recognize traffic before making any decision based on traffic. Hence, if it is possible to introduce an algorithm for change static timing and predetermined timing of the traffic lights, it can affect the density of traffic at the large scale. This dissertation introduces an algorithm to reduce traffic congestion using traffic lights and correct timing. In this case,...
Community Detection in Bipartite Networks
,
M.Sc. Thesis
Sharif University of Technology
;
Hemmatyar, Ali Mohammad Afshin
(Supervisor)
;
Kavousi, Kaveh
(Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
In recent decades, a wide range of research has been done on the characteristics of networks in various domains. Community structure is one of the most important properties in networks. However, most community detection methods designed for unipartite networks. Bipartite networks are very important in many different fields because these networks explicitly shows conceptual connections between different types of entities, for example in bioinformatics science, business, social and economic systems. Recently, community detection in bipartite networks has risen attention by the technical community, due to the accessibility of huge bipartite network data from different domains and the spread of...
High precision invasive FFR, low-cost invasive iFR, or non-invasive CFR?: optimum assessment of coronary artery stenosis based on the patient-specific computational models
, Article International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering ; Volume 36, Issue 10 , 2020 ; Nikmaneshi, M. R ; Firoozabadi, B ; Pakravan, H. A ; Ahmadi Tafti, S. H ; Afshin, H ; Sharif University of Technology
Wiley-Blackwell
2020
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to apply computational fluid dynamic (CFD) as a complementary tool for clinical tests to not only predict the present and future status of left coronary artery stenosis but also to evaluate some clinical hypotheses. In order to assess the present status of the coronary artery stenosis severity, and thereby selecting the most appropriate type of treatment for each patient, fractional flow reserve (FFR), instantaneous wave free-ratio (iFR), and coronary flow reserve (CFR) are calculated. To examine FFR, iFR, and CFR results, the effect of geometric features of stenoses, including diameter reduction (%), lesion length (LL), and minimum lumen diameter (MLD), is...
Distributed Computation of Centrality Measures in Dynamic Complex Networks
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Hematyar, Ali Mohammad Afshin (Supervisor) ; Kavousi, Kaveh (Supervisor)
Abstract
Complex networks represent a wide diversity of systems in nature and human interactions. Networks are graphs that describe the structures of interacting systems and give significant information about the patterns of connections between the nodes in a particular system. In turn, having knowledge about the structure of networks and their arrangements enables one to make certain types of predictions about their behavior of network.Network methods have had profound influence in many domains and fields in the past decade. Centrality measures are very important tool for analysis complex networks, in real-world complex networks are heterogeneous structures, all their components such as nodes...
Open-loop pulsating heat pipes charged with magnetic nanofluids: powerful candidates for future electronic coolers
, Article Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering ; Volume 18, Issue 1 , 2014 , Pages 18-38 ; ISSN: 15567265 ; Taslimifar, M ; Haghayegh, S ; Hannani, S. K ; Shafii, M. B ; Saidi, M. H ; Afshin, H ; Sharif University of Technology
2014
Abstract
The present research proposes an effective method to enhance the heat transport capability of conventional electronic coolers and improve their thermal management. Pulsating heat pipes (PHPs) are outstanding heat transfer devices in the field of electronic cooling. In the present study, two sets of open-loop pulsating heat pipes (OLPHPs) for two different magnetic nanofluids (with and without surfactant) were fabricated and their thermal performance was experimentally investigated. Effects of working fluid (water and two types of magnetic nanofluids), heating power, charging ratio, nanofluid concentration, inclination angle, application of a magnetic field, and magnet location are described....
Numerical and Experimental Study of Induced Drag Reduction Using a Wing Grid at Low Reynolds Numbers
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Soltani, Mohamad Reza (Supervisor) ; Banazadeh, Afshin (Supervisor) ; Farahani, Mohammad (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
Wing grids are among devices used for increasing wing performance. Wing grids decrease wing induced drag by breaking the wing main tip vortex to smaller vortices with lower turbulence intensity value. These devices are mostly used in low Reynolds regimes, and their effectiveness decreases as the Reynolds number increases. In most researches around the world, wing grids have simple design configurations, but in this research wing grids are designed in such a way that each grid has a minimum value of induced drag respectively. So, in addition to reducing baseline wing induced drag by breaking the main vortex to smaller vortices by means of wing grid, each grid has a minimum value of induced...
A Prediction based Dynamic Tracking Algorithm For Wireless Sensor Networks
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Hemmatyar, Ali Mohammad Afshin (Supervisor) ; Jahangeri, Amir Hossein (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
Recently, advances in the fabrication and integration of sensing, communication technologies and economical deployment of large scale sensor networks which are capable of large scale target tracking, become possible.therfore, the wireless sensor networks are a fast growing and marvelous research area that has attracted considerable research attention in the recent past. The creation of large-scale sensor networks interconnencting several hundered to a few thousand sensor nodes opens-up several wide range of application and technical challenges. Sensor nodes have been deployed to play significant roles in battlefield, disaster-prone area, traffic control, habitat monitoring and intruder...
Proof-of-Chance: A Blockchain Consensus Mechanism
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Movaghar Rahimabadi, Ali (Supervisor) ; Hemmatyar, Ali Mohammad Afshin (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
To update Blockchains, a consensus protocol must be used to verify the integrity of registered transactions by users. Bitcoin, as the largest Blockchain network, uses a Proof-of-work mechanism to reach consensus and rewards users for doing so. This will lead to the use of costly hardware to execute heavy processing commands with a lot of energy loss. Different groups have since proposed different mechanisms for reaching consensus without costly processing. The idea we present here is that we first define a general chance variable for each miner, and the miner has to wait a certain amount of time accordingly and then be able to generate the block. Chance variables are public, so other members...
Relay Selection for Machine-to-Machine Communication with the Same Source Requests in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Hemmatyar, Ali Mohammad Afshin (Supervisor) ; Bayat, Siavash (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
Machine-to-machine communication (M2M) can be considered as one of the most important types of high-density communication in the Internet of Things (IoT). Therefore, how to send data using the cooperation of machines with each other and selecting the appropriate relay can play an effective role in improving the quality of network communication, especially when communication between sources and their destinations is weak. Since in the real world some of the applications used on a set of IoT machines require the similar bandwidth, we also followed this assumption. For this purpose, we went through three steps in this thesis. First, two new relay selection algorithms with static RF interface...
Multirate Transfer Functions in Dual Porosity-Dual Permeability Models in Simulation of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs in 2D Two Phase Water-Oil System
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Taghi Zade Manzari, Meherdad (Supervisor) ; Afshin, Hossein (Co-Advisor) ; Kazemzadeh Hannani, Siamak (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
Naturally Fractured Reservoirs (NFRs) play an important role in petroleum industry and the global economy.. The reservoirs of the most complex geological structures in petroleum engineering science, on the other hand the largest sources of hydrocarbons are considered throughout the world and especially in our country. Therefore, characterization and modeling them frst step to develop best practices for hydraulic fracturing gap, optimal design of production Method and evaluate potential reservoirs. Physics of the present work is 2D two-phase immiscible flow under gravittational effect through fractured porous media and the most practical formulas for transfer function in dual porosity-dual...
Traffic Measurement in Software Defined Networks using Host-Controller Application Co-design
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Hematyar, Ali Mohammad Afshin (Supervisor) ; Movaghar Rahimabadi, Ali (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
With the introduction of SDN and OpenFlow as novel approaches for better network management and virtualization, it is now easier to perform QoS measurement anywhere, anytime, and anyplace through the use of self-directed, self-tuning mechanisms that continuously monitor and measure network performance and react swiftly to problems. Using programmable interfaces to OpenFlow controllers, software-defined measurement solutions provide consistent traffic measurement of flow parameters, such as bandwidth, packet loss, and latency to support the diversity requirements of next generation network applications and services. The flexibility of software-defined measurement gives the network operator...
Driving Behavior Recognition by Multimodal Data
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Hemmatyar, Ali Mohammad Afshin (Supervisor) ; Jafari Siavoshani, Mehdi (Supervisor) ; Moshiri, Behzad (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
Examining and improving driving behavior leads to a reduction in road accidents. Driver behavior is generally divided into two categories: aggressive and safe. Driving culture can be enhanced by identifying aggressive behavior and informing drivers directly. This information is used to assign safe drivers to the missions of transport fleet management companies and organizations. Also, this information is used by insurance companies or traffic police to apply discounts or fines. In any case, the detection and notification of aggressive behaviors would reduce accidents and improve the lives and mental safety of passengers and drivers. The detection of driving events is an introduction to the...
Brain Tumor Detection with Vision Transformers and Faster R-CNN
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Hemmatyar, Ali Mohammad Afshin (Supervisor) ; Ghahramani Ghahramani, Amir Ali (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
In the field of cancer diagnosis, particularly brain tumors, the priority is to achieve highly accurate tumor detection. Deep learning has shown remarkable potential in object detection tasks, making it a valuable tool for identifying brain tumors. We have proposed a new method for combining the strength of Faster R-CNN in detecting objects and the ability of Vision Transformer’s (Faster-VIT) ability to extract essential features. The proposed method significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of brain tumor detection in MRI images. We have called the proposed combination Faster-VIT. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed method, we have utilized the Br35H dataset, comprising...
Hearing loss prevalence and years lived with disability, 1990-2019: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
, Article The Lancet ; Volume 397, Issue 10278 , 2021 , Pages 996-1009 ; 01406736 (ISSN) ; Kamenov, K ; Briant, P. S ; Orji, A. U ; Steinmetz, J. D ; Abdoli, A ; Abdollahi, M ; Abu-Gharbieh, E ; Afshin, A ; Ahmed, H ; Rashid, T. A ; Akalu, Y ; Alahdab, F ; Alanezi, F. M ; Alanzi, T. M ; Al Hamad, H ; Ali, L ; Alipour, V ; Al-Raddadi, R. M ; Amu, H ; Arabloo, J ; Arab-Zozani, M ; Arulappan, J ; Ashbaugh, C ; Atnafu, D. D ; Babar, Z. U. D ; Baig, A. A ; Banik, P. C ; Bärnighausen, T. W ; Barrow, A ; Bender, R. G ; Bhagavathula, A. S ; Bhardwaj, N ; Bhardwaj, P ; Bibi, S ; Bijani, A ; Burkart, K ; Cederroth, C. R ; Charan, J ; Choudhari, S. G ; Chu, D. T ; Couto, R. A. S ; Dagnew, A. B ; Dagnew, B ; Dahlawi, S. M. A ; Dai, X ; Dandona, L ; Dandona, R ; Desalew, A ; Dhamnetiya, D ; Dhimal, M. L ; Dhimal, M ; Doyle, K. E ; Duncan, B. B ; Ekholuenetale, M ; Filip, I ; Fischer, F ; Franklin, R. C ; Gaidhane, A. M ; Gaidhane, S ; Gallus, S ; Ghamari, F ; Ghashghaee, A ; Ghozali, G ; Gilani, S.A ; Glǎvan, I. R ; Golechha, M ; Goulart, B. N. G ; Gupta, V. B ; Gupta, V. K ; Hamidi, S ; Hammond, B. R ; Hay, S. I ; Hayat, K ; Heidari, G ; Hoffman, H. J ; Hopf, K. P ; Hosseinzadeh, M ; Househ, M ; Hussain, R ; Hwang, B. F ; Iavicoli, I ; Ibitoye, S. E ; Ilesanmi, O. S ; Irvani, S. S. N ; Islam, S. M. S ; Iwagami, M ; Jacob, L ; Jayapal, S. K ; Jha, R. P ; Jonas, J. B ; Kalhor, R ; Al-Salihi, N. K ; Kandel, H ; Kasa, A. S ; Kayode, G. A ; Khalilov, R ; Khan, E. A ; Khatib, M. N ; Kosen, S ; Koyanagi, A ; Kumar, G. A ; Landires, I ; Lasrado, S ; Lim, S. S ; Liu, X ; Lobo, S. W ; Lugo, A ; Makki, A ; Mendoza, W ; Mersha, A. G ; Mihretie, K. M ; Miller, T. R ; Misra, S ; Mohamed, T. A ; Mohammadi, M ; Mohammadian Hafshejani, A ; Mohammed, A ; Mokdad, A. H ; Moni, M. A ; Kandel, S. N ; Nguyen, H. L. T ; Nixon, M. R ; Noubiap, J. J ; Nuñez Samudio, V ; Oancea, B ; Oguoma, V. M ; Olagunju, A. T ; Olusanya, B. O ; Olusanya, J. O ; Orru, H ; Owolabi, M. O ; Padubidri, J. R ; Pakshir, K ; Pardhan, S ; Kan, F. P ; Pasovic, M ; Pawar, S ; Pham, H. Q ; Pinheiro, M ; Pourshams, A ; Rabiee, N ; Rabiee, M ; Radfar, A ; Rahim, F ; Rahimi Movaghar, V ; Ur Rahman, M. H ; Rahman, M ; Rahmani, A. M ; Rana, J ; Rao, C. R ; Rao, S. J ; Rashedi, V ; Rawaf, D. L ; Rawaf, S ; Renzaho, A. M. N ; Rezapour, A ; Ripon, R. K ; Rodrigues, V ; Rustagi, N ; Saeed, U ; Sahebkar, A ; Samy, A. M ; Santric-Milicevic, M. M ; Sathian, B ; Satpathy, M ; Sawhney, M ; Schlee, W ; Schmidt, M. I ; Seylani, A ; Shaikh, M. A ; Shannawaz, M ; Shiferaw, W. S ; Siabani, S ; Singal, A ; Singh, J. A ; Singh, J. K ; Singhal, D ; Skryabin, V. Y ; Skryabina, A. A ; Sotoudeh, H ; Spurlock, E. E ; Taddele, B. W ; Tamiru, A. T ; Tareque, M. I ; Thapar, R ; Tovani-Palone, M. R ; Tran, B.X ; Ullah, S ; Tahbaz, S. V ; Violante, F. S ; Vlassov, V ; Vo, B ; Vongpradith, A ; Vu, G. T ; Wei, J ; Yadollahpour, A ; Jabbari, S. H. Y ; Yeshaw, Y ; Yiǧit, V ; Yirdaw, B. W ; Yonemoto, N ; Yu, C ; Yunusa, I ; Zamani, M ; Zastrozhin, M. S ; Zastrozhina, A ; Zhang, Z. J ; Zhao, J. T ; Murray, C. J. L ; Davis, A. C ; Vos, T ; Chadha, S ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2021
Abstract
Background: Hearing loss affects access to spoken language, which can affect cognition and development, and can negatively affect social wellbeing. We present updated estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study on the prevalence of hearing loss in 2019, as well as the condition's associated disability. Methods: We did systematic reviews of population-representative surveys on hearing loss prevalence from 1990 to 2019. We fitted nested meta-regression models for severity-specific prevalence, accounting for hearing aid coverage, cause, and the presence of tinnitus. We also forecasted the prevalence of hearing loss until 2050. Findings: An estimated 1·57 billion (95% uncertainty...
Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
, Article The Lancet ; Volume 396, Issue 10258 , 2020 , Pages 1160-1203 ; Machado, D.B ; Cislaghi, B ; Salman, O.M ; Karanikolos, M ; McKee, M ; Abbas, K.M ; Brady, O.J ; Larson, H.J ; Trias-Llimós, S ; Cummins, S ; Langan, S.M ; Sartorius, B ; Hafiz, A ; Jenabi, E ; Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N ; Borzouei, S ; Azarian, G ; Khazaei, S ; Abbasi, M ; Asghari, B ; Masoumi, S ; Komaki, H ; Taherkhani, A ; Adabi, M ; Abbasifard, M ; Bazmandegan, G ; Kamiab, Z ; Vakilian, A ; Anjomshoa, M ; Mokari, A ; Sabour, S ; Shahbaz, M ; Saeedi, R ; Ahmadieh, H ; Yousefinezhadi, T ; Haj-Mirzaian, A ; Nikbakhsh, R ; Safi, S ; Asgari, S ; Irvani, S.N ; Jahanmehr, N ; Ramezanzadeh, K ; Abbasi-Kangevari, M ; Khayamzadeh, M ; Abbastabar, H ; Shirkoohi, R ; Fazlzadeh, M ; Janjani, H ; Hosseini, M ; Mansournia, M ; Tohidinik, H ; Bakhtiari, A ; Fazaeli, A ; Mousavi, S ; Hasanzadeh, A ; Nabavizadeh, B ; Malekzadeh, R ; Hashemian, M ; Pourshams, A ; Salimzadeh, H ; Sepanlou, S.G ; Afarideh, M ; Esteghamati, A ; Esteghamati, S ; Ghajar, A ; Heidari, B ; Rezaei, N ; Mohamadi, E ; Rahimi-Movaghar, A ; Rahim, F ; Eskandarieh, S ; Sahraian, M ; Mohebi, F ; Aminorroaya, A ; Ebrahimi, H ; Farzadfar, F ; Mohajer, B ; Pishgar, F ; Saeedi Moghaddam, S ; Shabani, M ; Zarafshan, H ; Abolhassani, H ; Hafezi-Nejad, N ; Heidari-Soureshjani, R ; Abdollahi, M ; Farahmand, M ; Salamati, P ; Mehrabi Nasab, E ; Tajdini, M ; Aghamir, S ; Mirzaei, R ; Dibaji Forooshani, Z ; Khater, M.M ; Abd-Allah, F ; Abdelalim, A ; Abualhasan, A ; El-Jaafary, S.I ; Hassan, A ; Elsharkawy, A ; Khater, A.M ; Elhabashy, H.R ; Salem, M.R.R ; Salem, H ; Sadeghi, M ; Jafarinia, M ; Amini-Rarani, M ; Mohammadifard, N ; Sarrafzadegan, N ; Abdollahpour, I ; Sarveazad, A ; Tehrani-Banihashemi, A ; Yoosefi Lebni, J ; Manafi, N ; Pazoki Toroudi, H ; Dorostkar, F ; Alipour, V ; Sheikhtaheri, A ; Arabloo, J ; Azari, S ; Ghashghaee, A ; Rezapour, A ; Naserbakht, M ; Kabir, A ; Mehri, F ; Yousefifard, M ; Asadi-Aliabadi, M ; Babaee, E ; Eshrati, B ; Goharinezhad, S ; Moradi-Lakeh, M ; Abedi, P ; Rashedi, V ; Kumar, V ; Elgendy, I.Y ; Basu, S ; Park, J ; Pereira, A ; Norheim, O.F ; Eagan, A.W ; Cahill, L.E ; Sheikh, A ; Abushouk, A.I ; Kraemer, M.U.G ; Thakur, B ; Bärnighausen, T.W ; Shrime, M.G ; Abedi, A ; Doshi, C.P ; Abegaz, K.H ; Geberemariyam, B.S ; Aynalem, Y.A ; Shiferaw, W.S ; Abosetugn, A.E ; Aboyans, V ; Abrams, E.M ; Gitimoghaddam, M ; Kissoon, N ; Stubbs, J.L ; Brauer, M ; Iyamu, I.O ; Kopec, J.A ; Pourmalek, F ; Ribeiro, A.P ; Malta, D.C ; Gomez, R.S ; Abreu, L.G ; Abrigo, M.R.M ; Almulhim, A.M ; Dahlawi, S.M.A ; Pottoo, F.H ; Menezes, R.G ; Alanzi, T.M ; Alumran, A.K ; Abu Haimed, A.K ; Madadin, M ; Alanezi, F.M ; Abu-Gharbieh, E ; Saddik, B ; Abu-Raddad, L.J ; Samy, A.M ; El Nahas, N ; Shalash, A.S ; Nabhan, A.F ; Kamath, A.M ; Kassebaum, N.J ; Aravkin, A.Y ; Kochhar, S ; Sorensen, R.J.D ; Afshin, A ; Burkart, K ; Cromwell, E.A ; Dandona, L ; Dharmaratne, S.D ; Gakidou, E ; Hay, S.I ; Kyu, H.H ; Lopez, A.D ; Lozano, R ; Misganaw, A.T ; Mokdad, A.H ; Naghavi, M ; Pigott, D.M ; Reiner Jr, R.C ; Roth, G.A ; Stanaway, J.D ; Vollset, S ; Vos, T ; Wang, H ; Lim, S.S ; Murray, C.J.L ; Kalani, R ; Ikuta, K.S ; Cho, D.Y ; Kneib, C.J ; Crowe, C.S ; Massenburg, B.B ; Morrison, S.D ; Acebedo, A ; Adelson, J.D ; Agesa, K.M ; Alam, T ; Albertson, S.B ; Anderson, J.A ; Antony, C.M ; Ashbaugh, C ; Assmus, M ; Azhar, G ; Balassyano, S ; Bannick, M.S ; Barthelemy, C.M ; Bender, R.G ; Bennitt, F.B ; Bertolacci, G.J ; Biehl, M.H ; Bisignano, C ; Boon-Dooley, A.S ; Briant, P.S ; Bryazka, D ; Bumgarner, B.R ; Callender, C.S ; Cao, J ; Castle, C.D ; Castro, E ; Causey, K ; Cercy, K.M ; Chalek, J ; Charlson, F.J ; Cohen, A.J ; Comfort, H ; Compton, K ; Croneberger, A.J ; Cruz, J.A ; Cunningham, M ; Dandona, R ; Dangel, W.J ; Dean, F.E ; DeCleene, N.K ; Deen, A ; Degenhardt, L ; Dingels, Z.V ; Dippenaar, I.N ; Dirac, M.A ; Dolgert, A.J ; Emmons-Bell, S ; Estep, K ; Farag, T ; Feigin, V.L ; Feldman, R ; Ferrara, G ; Ferrari, A.J ; Fitzgerald, R ; Force, L.M ; Fox, J.T ; Frank, T.D ; Fu, W ; Fukutaki, K ; Fuller, J.E ; Fullman, N ; Galles, N.C ; Gardner, W.M ; Gershberg Hayoon, A ; Goren, E ; Gorman, T.M ; Gottlich, H.C ; Guo, G ; Haddock, B ; Hagins, H ; Haile, L.M ; Hamilton, E.B ; Han, C ; Han, H ; Harvey, J.D ; Henny, K ; Henrikson, H.J ; Henry, N.J ; Herbert, M.E ; Hsiao, T ; Huynh, C.K ; Iannucci, V.C ; Ippolito, H ; Irvine, C.M.S ; Jafari, H ; Jahagirdar, D ; James, S.L ; Johnson, C.O ; Johnson, S.C ; Keller, C ; Kemmer, L ; Kendrick, P.J ; Knight, M ; Kocarnik, J.M ; Krohn, K.J ; Larson, S.L ; Lau, K.M ; Ledesma, J.R ; Leever, A.T ; LeGrand, K.E ; Lescinsky, H ; Lin, C ; Liu, H ; Liu, Z ; Lo, J ; Lu, A ; Ma, J ; Maddison, E.R ; Manguerra, H ; Marks, A ; Martopullo, I ; Mastrogiacomo, C.I ; May, E.A ; Mooney, M.D ; Mosser, J.F ; Mullany, E.C ; Mumford, J ; Munro, S.B ; Nandakumar, V ; Nguyen, J ; Nguyen, M ; Nichols, E ; Nixon, M.R ; Odell, C.M ; Ong, K.L ; Orji, A.U ; Ostroff, S.M ; Pasovic, M ; Paulson, K.R ; Pease, S.A ; Pennini, A ; Pierce, M ; Pilz, T.M ; Pletcher, M ; Rao, P.C ; Razo, C ; Redford, S.B ; Reinig, N ; Reitsma, M.B ; Rhinehart, P ; Robalik, T ; Roberts, S ; Roberts, N.L.S ; Rolfe, S ; Sbarra, A.N ; Schaeffer, L.E ; Shackelford, K.A ; Shadid, J ; Sharara, F ; Shaw, D.H ; Sheena, B.S ; Simpson, K.E ; Smith, A ; Spencer, C.N ; Spurlock, E.E ; Stark, B.A ; Steiner, C ; Steuben, K.M ; Sylte, D.O ; Tang, M ; Taylor, H.J ; Terrason, S ; Thomson, A.M ; Torre, A.E ; Travillian, R ; Troeger, C.E ; Vongpradith, A ; Walters, M.K ; Wang, J ; Watson, A ; Watson, S ; Whisnant, J.L ; Whiteford, H.A ; Wiens, K.E ; Wilner, L.B ; Wilson, S ; Wool, E.E ; Wozniak, S.S ; Wu, J ; Wulf Hanson, S ; Wunrow, H ; Xu, R ; Sharif University of Technology
Lancet Publishing Group
2020
Abstract
Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Methods: 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal...
Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
, Article The Lancet ; Volume 396, Issue 10258 , 2020 , Pages 1204-1222 ; Machado, D.B ; Cislaghi, B ; Salman, O.M ; Karanikolos, M ; McKee, M ; Abbas, K.M ; Brady, O.J ; Larson, H.J ; Trias-Llimós, S ; Cummins, S ; Langan, S.M ; Sartorius, B ; Hafiz, A ; Jenabi, E ; Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N ; Borzouei, S ; Azarian, G ; Khazaei, S ; Abbasi, M ; Asghari, B ; Masoumi, S ; Komaki, H ; Taherkhani, A ; Adabi, M ; Abbasifard, M ; Bazmandegan, G ; Kamiab, Z ; Vakilian, A ; Anjomshoa, M ; Mokari, A ; Sabour, S ; Shahbaz, M ; Saeedi, R ; Ahmadieh, H ; Yousefinezhadi, T ; Haj-Mirzaian, A ; Nikbakhsh, R ; Safi, S ; Asgari, S ; Irvani, S.N ; Jahanmehr, N ; Ramezanzadeh, K ; Abbasi-Kangevari, M ; Khayamzadeh, M ; Abbastabar, H ; Shirkoohi, R ; Fazlzadeh, M ; Janjani, H ; Hosseini, M ; Mansournia, M ; Tohidinik, H ; Bakhtiari, A ; Fazaeli, A ; Mousavi, S ; Hasanzadeh, A ; Nabavizadeh, B ; Malekzadeh, R ; Hashemian, M ; Pourshams, A ; Salimzadeh, H ; Sepanlou, S.G ; Afarideh, M ; Esteghamati, A ; Esteghamati, S ; Ghajar, A ; Heidari, B ; Rezaei, N ; Mohamadi, E ; Rahimi-Movaghar, A ; Rahim, F ; Eskandarieh, S ; Sahraian, M ; Mohebi, F ; Aminorroaya, A ; Ebrahimi, H ; Farzadfar, F ; Mohajer, B ; Pishgar, F ; Saeedi Moghaddam, S ; Shabani, M ; Zarafshan, H ; Abolhassani, H ; Hafezi-Nejad, N ; Heidari-Soureshjani, R ; Abdollahi, M ; Farahmand, M ; Salamati, P ; Mehrabi Nasab, E ; Tajdini, M ; Aghamir, S ; Mirzaei, R ; Dibaji Forooshani, Z ; Khater, M.M ; Abd-Allah, F ; Abdelalim, A ; Abualhasan, A ; El-Jaafary, S.I ; Hassan, A ; Elsharkawy, A ; Khater, A.M ; Elhabashy, H.R ; Salem, M.R.R ; Salem, H ; Sadeghi, M ; Jafarinia, M ; Amini-Rarani, M ; Mohammadifard, N ; Sarrafzadegan, N ; Abdollahpour, I ; Sarveazad, A ; Tehrani-Banihashemi, A ; Yoosefi Lebni, J ; Manafi, N ; Pazoki Toroudi, H ; Dorostkar, F ; Alipour, V ; Sheikhtaheri, A ; Arabloo, J ; Azari, S ; Ghashghaee, A ; Rezapour, A ; Naserbakht, M ; Kabir, A ; Mehri, F ; Yousefifard, M ; Asadi-Aliabadi, M ; Babaee, E ; Eshrati, B ; Goharinezhad, S ; Moradi-Lakeh, M ; Abedi, P ; Rashedi, V ; Kumar, V ; Elgendy, I.Y ; Basu, S ; Park, J ; Pereira, A ; Norheim, O.F ; Eagan, A.W ; Cahill, L.E ; Sheikh, A ; Abushouk, A.I ; Kraemer, M.U.G ; Thakur, B ; Bärnighausen, T.W ; Shrime, M.G ; Abedi, A ; Doshi, C.P ; Abegaz, K.H ; Geberemariyam, B.S ; Aynalem, Y.A ; Shiferaw, W.S ; Abosetugn, A.E ; Aboyans, V ; Abrams, E.M ; Gitimoghaddam, M ; Kissoon, N ; Stubbs, J.L ; Brauer, M ; Iyamu, I.O ; Kopec, J.A ; Pourmalek, F ; Ribeiro, A.P ; Malta, D.C ; Gomez, R.S ; Abreu, L.G ; Abrigo, M.R.M ; Almulhim, A.M ; Dahlawi, S.M.A ; Pottoo, F.H ; Menezes, R.G ; Alanzi, T.M ; Alumran, A.K ; Abu Haimed, A.K ; Madadin, M ; Alanezi, F.M ; Abu-Gharbieh, E ; Saddik, B ; Abu-Raddad, L.J ; Samy, A.M ; El Nahas, N ; Shalash, A.S ; Nabhan, A.F ; Kamath, A.M ; Kassebaum, N.J ; Aravkin, A.Y ; Kochhar, S ; Sorensen, R.J.D ; Afshin, A ; Burkart, K ; Cromwell, E.A ; Dandona, L ; Dharmaratne, S.D ; Gakidou, E ; Hay, S.I ; Kyu, H.H ; Lopez, A.D ; Lozano, R ; Misganaw, A.T ; Mokdad, A.H ; Naghavi, M ; Pigott, D.M ; Reiner Jr, R.C ; Roth, G.A ; Stanaway, J.D ; Vollset, S ; Vos, T ; Wang, H ; Lim, S.S ; Murray, C.J.L ; Kalani, R ; Ikuta, K.S ; Cho, D.Y ; Kneib, C.J ; Crowe, C.S ; Massenburg, B.B ; Morrison, S.D ; Acebedo, A ; Adelson, J.D ; Agesa, K.M ; Alam, T ; Albertson, S.B ; Anderson, J.A ; Antony, C.M ; Ashbaugh, C ; Assmus, M ; Azhar, G ; Balassyano, S ; Bannick, M.S ; Barthelemy, C.M ; Bender, R.G ; Bennitt, F.B ; Bertolacci, G.J ; Biehl, M.H ; Bisignano, C ; Boon-Dooley, A.S ; Briant, P.S ; Bryazka, D ; Bumgarner, B.R ; Callender, C.S ; Cao, J ; Castle, C.D ; Castro, E ; Causey, K ; Cercy, K.M ; Chalek, J ; Charlson, F.J ; Cohen, A.J ; Comfort, H ; Compton, K ; Croneberger, A.J ; Cruz, J.A ; Cunningham, M ; Dandona, R ; Dangel, W.J ; Dean, F.E ; DeCleene, N.K ; Deen, A ; Degenhardt, L ; Dingels, Z.V ; Dippenaar, I.N ; Dirac, M.A ; Dolgert, A.J ; Emmons-Bell, S ; Estep, K ; Farag, T ; Feigin, V.L ; Feldman, R ; Ferrara, G ; Ferrari, A.J ; Fitzgerald, R ; Force, L.M ; Fox, J.T ; Frank, T.D ; Fu, W ; Fukutaki, K ; Fuller, J.E ; Fullman, N ; Galles, N.C ; Gardner, W.M ; Gershberg Hayoon, A ; Goren, E ; Gorman, T.M ; Gottlich, H.C ; Guo, G ; Haddock, B ; Hagins, H ; Haile, L.M ; Hamilton, E.B ; Han, C ; Han, H ; Harvey, J.D ; Henny, K ; Henrikson, H.J ; Henry, N.J ; Herbert, M.E ; Hsiao, T ; Huynh, C.K ; Iannucci, V.C ; Ippolito, H ; Irvine, C.M.S ; Jafari, H ; Jahagirdar, D ; James, S.L ; Johnson, C.O ; Johnson, S.C ; Keller, C ; Kemmer, L ; Kendrick, P.J ; Knight, M ; Kocarnik, J.M ; Krohn, K.J ; Larson, S.L ; Lau, K.M ; Ledesma, J.R ; Leever, A.T ; LeGrand, K.E ; Lescinsky, H ; Lin, C ; Liu, H ; Liu, Z ; Lo, J ; Lu, A ; Ma, J ; Maddison, E.R ; Manguerra, H ; Marks, A ; Martopullo, I ; Mastrogiacomo, C.I ; May, E.A ; Mooney, M.D ; Mosser, J.F ; Mullany, E.C ; Mumford, J ; Munro, S.B ; Nandakumar, V ; Nguyen, J ; Nguyen, M ; Nichols, E ; Nixon, M.R ; Odell, C.M ; Ong, K.L ; Orji, A.U ; Ostroff, S.M ; Pasovic, M ; Paulson, K.R ; Pease, S.A ; Pennini, A ; Pierce, M ; Pilz, T.M ; Pletcher, M ; Rao, P.C ; Razo, C ; Redford, S.B ; Reinig, N ; Reitsma, M.B ; Rhinehart, P ; Robalik, T ; Roberts, S ; Roberts, N.L.S ; Rolfe, S ; Sbarra, A.N ; Schaeffer, L.E ; Shackelford, K.A ; Shadid, J ; Sharara, F ; Shaw, D.H ; Sheena, B.S ; Simpson, K.E ; Smith, A ; Spencer, C.N ; Spurlock, E.E ; Stark, B.A ; Steiner, C ; Steuben, K.M ; Sylte, D.O ; Tang, M ; Taylor, H.J ; Terrason, S ; Thomson, A.M ; Torre, A.E ; Travillian, R ; Troeger, C.E ; Vongpradith, A ; Walters, M.K ; Wang, J ; Watson, A ; Watson, S ; Whisnant, J.L ; Whiteford, H.A ; Wiens, K.E ; Wilner, L.B ; Wilson, S ; Wool, E.E ; Wozniak, S.S ; Wu, J ; Wulf Hanson, S ; Wunrow, H ; Xu, R ; Sharif University of Technology
Lancet Publishing Group
2020
Abstract
Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and...
Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
, Article The Lancet ; Volume 396, Issue 10258 , 2020 , Pages 1223-1249 ; Machado, D. B ; Cislaghi, B ; Salman, O. M ; Karanikolos, M ; McKee, M ; Abbas, K. M ; Brady, O. J ; Larson, H. J ; Trias Llimós, S ; Cummins, S ; Langan, S. M ; Sartorius, B ; Hafiz, A ; Jenabi, E ; Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N ; Borzouei, S ; Azarian, G ; Khazaei, S ; Abbasi, M ; Asghari, B ; Masoumi, S ; Komaki, H ; Taherkhani, A ; Adabi, M ; Abbasifard, M ; Bazmandegan, G ; Kamiab, Z ; Vakilian, A ; Anjomshoa, M ; Mokari, A ; Sabour, S ; Shahbaz, M ; Saeedi, R ; Ahmadieh, H ; Yousefinezhadi, T ; Haj Mirzaian, A ; Nikbakhsh, R ; Safi, S ; Asgari, S ; Irvani, S. N ; Jahanmehr, N ; Ramezanzadeh, K ; Abbasi Kangevari, M ; Khayamzadeh, M ; Abbastabar, H ; Shirkoohi, R ; Fazlzadeh, M ; Janjani, H ; Hosseini, M ; Mansournia, M ; Tohidinik, H ; Bakhtiari, A ; Fazaeli, A ; Mousavi, S ; Hasanzadeh, A ; Nabavizadeh, B ; Malekzadeh, R ; Hashemian, M ; Pourshams, A ; Salimzadeh, H ; Sepanlou, S. G ; Afarideh, M ; Esteghamati, A ; Esteghamati, S ; Ghajar, A ; Heidari, B ; Rezaei, N ; Mohamadi, E ; Rahimi Movaghar, A ; Rahim, F ; Eskandarieh, S ; Sahraian, M ; Mohebi, F ; Aminorroaya, A ; Ebrahimi, H ; Farzadfar, F ; Mohajer, B ; Pishgar, F ; Saeedi Moghaddam, S ; Shabani, M ; Zarafshan, H ; Abolhassani, H ; Hafezi Nejad, N ; Heidari Soureshjani, R ; Abdollahi, M ; Farahmand, M ; Salamati, P ; Mehrabi Nasab, E ; Tajdini, M ; Aghamir, S ; Mirzaei, R ; Dibaji Forooshani, Z ; Khater, M. M ; Abd-Allah, F ; Abdelalim, A ; Abualhasan, A ; El-Jaafary, S. I ; Hassan, A ; Elsharkawy, A ; Khater, A. M ; Elhabashy, H. R ; Salem, M. R. R ; Salem, H ; Sadeghi, M ; Jafarinia, M ; Amini-Rarani, M ; Mohammadifard, N ; Sarrafzadegan, N ; Abdollahpour, I ; Sarveazad, A ; Tehrani Banihashemi, A ; Yoosefi Lebni, J ; Manafi, N ; Pazoki Toroudi, H ; Dorostkar, F ; Alipour, V ; Sheikhtaheri, A ; Arabloo, J ; Azari, S ; Ghashghaee, A ; Rezapour, A ; Naserbakht, M ; Kabir, A ; Mehri, F ; Yousefifard, M ; Asadi-Aliabadi, M ; Babaee, E ; Eshrati, B ; Goharinezhad, S ; Moradi Lakeh, M ; Abedi, P ; Rashedi, V ; Kumar, V ; Elgendy, I. Y ; Basu, S ; Park, J ; Pereira, A ; Norheim, O. F ; Eagan, A. W ; Cahill, L. E ; Sheikh, A ; Abushouk, A. I ; Kraemer, M. U. G ; Thakur, B ; Bärnighausen, T. W ; Shrime, M. G ; Abedi, A ; Doshi, C. P ; Abegaz, K. H ; Geberemariyam, B. S ; Aynalem, Y. A ; Shiferaw, W. S ; Abosetugn, A. E ; Aboyans, V ; Abrams, E. M ; Gitimoghaddam, M ; Kissoon, N ; Stubbs, J. L ; Brauer, M ; Iyamu, I. O ; Kopec, J. A ; Pourmalek, F ; Ribeiro, A. P ; Malta, D. C ; Gomez, R. S ; Abreu, L. G ; Abrigo, M. R. M ; Almulhim, A. M ; Dahlawi, S. M. A ; Pottoo, F. H ; Menezes, R. G ; Alanzi, T. M ; Alumran, A. K ; Abu Haimed, A. K ; Madadin, M ; Alanezi, F. M ; Abu Gharbieh, E ; Saddik, B ; Abu Raddad, L. J ; Samy, A. M ; El Nahas, N ; Shalash, A. S ; Nabhan, A. F ; Kamath, A. M ; Kassebaum, N. J ; Aravkin, A. Y ; Kochhar, S ; Sorensen, R. J. D ; Afshin, A ; Burkart, K ; Cromwell, E. A ; Dandona, L ; Dharmaratne, S. D ; Gakidou, E ; Hay, S. I ; Kyu, H. H ; Lopez, A. D ; Lozano, R ; Misganaw, A. T ; Mokdad, A. H ; Naghavi, M ; Pigott, D. M ; Reiner Jr, R. C ; Roth, G. A ; Stanaway, J. D ; Vollset, S ; Vos, T ; Wang, H ; Lim, S. S ; Murray, C. J. L ; Kalani, R ; Ikuta, K. S ; Cho, D. Y ; Kneib, C. J ; Crowe, C. S ; Massenburg, B. B ; Morrison, S. D ; Acebedo, A ; Adelson, J. D ; Agesa, K. M ; Alam, T ; Albertson, S. B ; Anderson, J. A ; Antony, C. M ; Ashbaugh, C ; Assmus, M ; Azhar, G ; Balassyano, S ; Bannick, M. S ; Barthelemy, C. M ; Bender, R. G ; Bennitt, F. B ; Bertolacci, G. J ; Biehl, M. H ; Bisignano, C ; Boon Dooley, A. S ; Briant, P. S ; Bryazka, D ; Bumgarner, B. R ; Callender, C. S ; Cao, J ; Castle, C. D ; Castro, E ; Causey, K ; Cercy, K. M ; Chalek, J ; Charlson, F. J ; Cohen, A. J ; Comfort, H ; Compton, K ; Croneberger, A. J ; Cruz, J. A ; Cunningham, M ; Dandona, R ; Dangel, W. J ; Dean, F. E ; DeCleene, N. K ; Deen, A ; Degenhardt, L ; Dingels, Z. V ; Dippenaar, I. N ; Dirac, M. A ; Dolgert, A. J ; Emmons Bell, S ; Estep, K ; Farag, T ; Feigin, V. L ; Feldman, R ; Ferrara, G ; Ferrari, A. J ; Fitzgerald, R ; Force, L. M ; Fox, J. T ; Frank, T. D ; Fu, W ; Fukutaki, K ; Fuller, J. E ; Fullman, N ; Galles, N. C ; Gardner, W. M ; Gershberg Hayoon, A ; Goren, E ; Gorman, T. M ; Gottlich, H. C ; Guo, G ; Haddock, B ; Hagins, H ; Haile, L. M ; Hamilton, E. B ; Han, C ; Han, H ; Harvey, J. D ; Henny, K ; Henrikson, H. J ; Henry, N. J ; Herbert, M. E ; Hsiao, T ; Huynh, C. K ; Iannucci, V. C ; Ippolito, H ; Irvine, C. M. S ; Jafari, H ; Jahagirdar, D ; James, S. L ; Johnson, C. O ; Johnson, S. C ; Keller, C ; Kemmer, L ; Kendrick, P. J ; Knight, M ; Kocarnik, J. M ; Krohn, K. J ; Larson, S. L ; Lau, K. M ; Ledesma, J. R ; Leever, A. T ; LeGrand, K. E ; Lescinsky, H ; Lin, C ; Liu, H ; Liu, Z ; Lo, J ; Lu, A ; Ma, J ; Maddison, E. R ; Manguerra, H ; Marks, A ; Martopullo, I ; Mastrogiacomo, C. I ; May, E. A ; Mooney, M. D ; Mosser, J. F ; Mullany, E. C ; Mumford, J ; Munro, S. B ; Nandakumar, V ; Nguyen, J ; Nguyen, M ; Nichols, E ; Nixon, M. R ; Odell, C. M ; Ong, K. L ; Orji, A. U ; Ostroff, S. M ; Pasovic, M ; Paulson, K. R ; Pease, S. A ; Pennini, A ; Pierce, M ; Pilz, T. M ; Pletcher, M ; Rao, P. C ; Razo, C ; Redford, S. B ; Reinig, N ; Reitsma, M. B ; Rhinehart, P ; Robalik, T ; Roberts, S ; Roberts, N. L. S ; Rolfe, S ; Sbarra, A. N ; Schaeffer, L. E ; Shackelford, K. A ; Shadid, J ; Sharara, F ; Shaw, D. H ; Sheena, B. S ; Simpson, K. E ; Smith, A ; Spencer, C. N ; Spurlock, E.E ; Stark, B. A ; Steiner, C ; Steuben, K. M ; Sylte, D. O ; Tang, M ; Taylor, H. J ; Terrason, S ; Thomson, A. M ; Torre, A. E ; Travillian, R ; Troeger, C. E ; Vongpradith, A ; Walters, M. K ; Wang, J ; Watson, A ; Watson, S ; Whisnant, J. L ; Whiteford, H. A ; Wiens, K. E ; Wilner, L. B ; Wilson, S ; Wool, E. E ; Wozniak, S. S ; Wu, J ; Wulf Hanson, S ; Wunrow, H ; Xu, R ; Sharif University of Technology
Lancet Publishing Group
2020
Abstract
Background: Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods: GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at...
Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
, Article The Lancet ; Volume 396, Issue 10258 , 2020 , Pages 1135-1159 ; Machado, D. B ; Cislaghi, B ; Salman, O. M ; Karanikolos, M ; McKee, M ; Abbas, K. M ; Brady, O. J ; Larson, H. J ; Trias-Llimós, S ; Cummins, S ; Langan, S.M ; Sartorius, B ; Hafiz, A ; Jenabi, E ; Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N ; Borzouei, S ; Azarian, G ; Khazaei, S ; Abbasi, M ; Asghari, B ; Masoumi, S ; Komaki, H ; Taherkhani, A ; Adabi, M ; Abbasifard, M ; Bazmandegan, G ; Kamiab, Z ; Vakilian, A ; Anjomshoa, M ; Mokari, A ; Sabour, S ; Shahbaz, M ; Saeedi, R ; Ahmadieh, H ; Yousefinezhadi, T ; Haj-Mirzaian, A ; Nikbakhsh, R ; Safi, S ; Asgari, S ; Irvani, S.N ; Jahanmehr, N ; Ramezanzadeh, K ; Abbasi-Kangevari, M ; Khayamzadeh, M ; Abbastabar, H ; Shirkoohi, R ; Fazlzadeh, M ; Janjani, H ; Hosseini, M ; Mansournia, M ; Tohidinik, H ; Bakhtiari, A ; Fazaeli, A ; Mousavi, S ; Hasanzadeh, A ; Nabavizadeh, B ; Malekzadeh, R ; Hashemian, M ; Pourshams, A ; Salimzadeh, H ; Sepanlou, S. G ; Afarideh, M ; Esteghamati, A ; Esteghamati, S ; Ghajar, A ; Heidari, B ; Rezaei, N ; Mohamadi, E ; Rahimi-Movaghar, A ; Rahim, F ; Eskandarieh, S ; Sahraian, M ; Mohebi, F ; Aminorroaya, A ; Ebrahimi, H ; Farzadfar, F ; Mohajer, B ; Pishgar, F ; Saeedi Moghaddam, S ; Shabani, M ; Zarafshan, H ; Abolhassani, H ; Hafezi Nejad, N ; Heidari Soureshjani, R ; Abdollahi, M ; Farahmand, M ; Salamati, P ; Mehrabi Nasab, E ; Tajdini, M ; Aghamir, S ; Mirzaei, R ; Dibaji Forooshani, Z ; Khater, M. M ; Abd-Allah, F ; Abdelalim, A ; Abualhasan, A ; El-Jaafary, S. I ; Hassan, A ; Elsharkawy, A ; Khater, A. M ; Elhabashy, H. R ; Salem, M. R. R ; Salem, H ; Sadeghi, M ; Jafarinia, M ; Amini-Rarani, M ; Mohammadifard, N ; Sarrafzadegan, N ; Abdollahpour, I ; Sarveazad, A ; Tehrani Banihashemi, A ; Yoosefi Lebni, J ; Manafi, N ; Pazoki Toroudi, H ; Dorostkar, F ; Alipour, V ; Sheikhtaheri, A ; Arabloo, J ; Azari, S ; Ghashghaee, A ; Rezapour, A ; Naserbakht, M ; Kabir, A ; Mehri, F ; Yousefifard, M ; Asadi Aliabadi, M ; Babaee, E ; Eshrati, B ; Goharinezhad, S ; Moradi Lakeh, M ; Abedi, P ; Rashedi, V ; Kumar, V ; Elgendy, I. Y ; Basu, S ; Park, J ; Pereira, A ; Norheim, O. F ; Eagan, A. W ; Cahill, L. E ; Sheikh, A ; Abushouk, A. I ; Kraemer, M. U. G ; Thakur, B ; Bärnighausen, T. W ; Shrime, M. G ; Abedi, A ; Doshi, C. P ; Abegaz, K. H ; Geberemariyam, B. S ; Aynalem, Y. A ; Shiferaw, W. S ; Abosetugn, A. E ; Aboyans, V ; Abrams, E. M ; Gitimoghaddam, M ; Kissoon, N ; Stubbs, J. L ; Brauer, M ; Iyamu, I. O ; Kopec, J. A ; Pourmalek, F ; Ribeiro, A. P ; Malta, D. C ; Gomez, R. S ; Abreu, L. G ; Abrigo, M. R. M ; Almulhim, A. M ; Dahlawi, S. M. A ; Pottoo, F. H ; Menezes, R. G ; Alanzi, T. M ; Alumran, A. K ; Abu Haimed, A. K ; Madadin, M ; Alanezi, F. M ; Abu-Gharbieh, E ; Saddik, B ; Abu Raddad, L. J ; Samy, A. M ; El Nahas, N ; Shalash, A. S ; Nabhan, A. F ; Kamath, A. M ; Kassebaum, N. J ; Aravkin, A. Y ; Kochhar, S ; Sorensen, R. J. D ; Afshin, A ; Burkart, K ; Cromwell, E. A ; Dandona, L ; Dharmaratne, S. D ; Gakidou, E ; Hay, S. I ; Kyu, H. H ; Lopez, A. D ; Lozano, R ; Misganaw, A. T ; Mokdad, A. H ; Naghavi, M ; Pigott, D. M ; Reiner Jr, R. C ; Roth, G. A ; Stanaway, J. D ; Vollset, S ; Vos, T ; Wang, H ; Lim, S. S ; Murray, C. J. L ; Kalani, R ; Ikuta, K. S ; Cho, D. Y ; Kneib, C. J ; Crowe, C. S ; Massenburg, B. B ; Morrison, S. D ; Acebedo, A ; Adelson, J. D ; Agesa, K. M ; Alam, T ; Albertson, S. B ; Anderson, J. A ; Antony, C. M ; Ashbaugh, C ; Assmus, M ; Azhar, G ; Balassyano, S ; Bannick, M. S ; Barthelemy, C. M ; Bender, R. G ; Bennitt, F. B ; Bertolacci, G. J ; Biehl, M. H ; Bisignano, C ; Boon Dooley, A. S ; Briant, P. S ; Bryazka, D ; Bumgarner, B. R ; Callender, C. S ; Cao, J ; Castle, C. D ; Castro, E ; Causey, K ; Cercy, K. M ; Chalek, J ; Charlson, F. J ; Cohen, A. J ; Comfort, H ; Compton, K ; Croneberger, A. J ; Cruz, J. A ; Cunningham, M ; Dandona, R ; Dangel, W. J ; Dean, F. E ; DeCleene, N. K ; Deen, A ; Degenhardt, L ; Dingels, Z. V ; Dippenaar, I. N ; Dirac, M. A ; Dolgert, A. J ; Emmons Bell, S ; Estep, K ; Farag, T ; Feigin, V. L ; Feldman, R ; Ferrara, G ; Ferrari, A. J ; Fitzgerald, R ; Force, L. M ; Fox, J. T ; Frank, T. D ; Fu, W ; Fukutaki, K ; Fuller, J. E ; Fullman, N ; Galles, N. C ; Gardner, W. M ; Gershberg Hayoon, A ; Goren, E ; Gorman, T. M ; Gottlich, H. C ; Guo, G ; Haddock, B ; Hagins, H ; Haile, L. M ; Hamilton, E. B ; Han, C ; Han, H ; Harvey, J. D ; Henny, K ; Henrikson, H. J ; Henry, N. J ; Herbert, M. E ; Hsiao, T ; Huynh, C. K ; Iannucci, V. C ; Ippolito, H ; Irvine, C. M. S ; Jafari, H ; Jahagirdar, D ; James, S. L ; Johnson, C. O ; Johnson, S.C ; Keller, C ; Kemmer, L ; Kendrick, P. J ; Knight, M ; Kocarnik, J. M ; Krohn, K. J ; Larson, S. L ; Lau, K. M ; Ledesma, J. R ; Leever, A. T ; LeGrand, K. E ; Lescinsky, H ; Lin, C ; Liu, H ; Liu, Z ; Lo, J ; Lu, A ; Ma, J ; Maddison, E. R ; Manguerra, H ; Marks, A ; Martopullo, I ; Mastrogiacomo, C. I ; May, E. A ; Mooney, M. D ; Mosser, J. F ; Mullany, E. C ; Mumford, J ; Munro, S. B ; Nandakumar, V ; Nguyen, J ; Nguyen, M ; Nichols, E ; Nixon, M. R ; Odell, C. M ; Ong, K. L ; Orji, A. U ; Ostroff, S. M ; Pasovic, M ; Paulson, K. R ; Pease, S. A ; Pennini, A ; Pierce, M ; Pilz, T. M ; Pletcher, M ; Rao, P. C ; Razo, C ; Redford, S. B ; Reinig, N ; Reitsma, M. B ; Rhinehart, P ; Robalik, T ; Roberts, S ; Roberts, N. L. S ; Rolfe, S ; Sbarra, A. N ; Schaeffer, L. E ; Shackelford, K. A ; Shadid, J ; Sharara, F ; Shaw, D. H ; Sheena, B. S ; Simpson, K. E ; Smith, A ; Spencer, C. N ; Spurlock, E. E ; Stark, B. A ; Steiner, C ; Steuben, K. M ; Sylte, D. O ; Tang, M ; Taylor, H. J ; Terrason, S ; Thomson, A. M ; Torre, A. E ; Travillian, R ; Troeger, C. E ; Vongpradith, A ; Walters, M. K ; Wang, J ; Watson, A ; Watson, S ; Whisnant, J. L ; Whiteford, H. A ; Wiens, K. E ; Wilner, L. B ; Wilson, S ; Wool, E. E ; Wozniak, S. S ; Wu, J ; Wulf Hanson, S ; Wunrow, H ; Xu, R ; Sharif University of Technology
Lancet Publishing Group
2020
Abstract
The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD...