Sharif Digital Repository

Part 1
1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions offer convenient routes for the construction of a variety of five-membered heterocycles. This thesis represents a simple synthetic method via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction to prepare a novel class of spiro pyrrolidines and spiro pyrrolizidines which exhibit many biological activities. Non-stabilized azomethine ylides which generated in situ by the decarboxylative condensation of ninhydrin with proline and sarcosine were used as a 1,3-dipoles. On the other hand, chalcone and its derivatives with an impressive array of pharmacological activities were the dipolarophiles in these reactions. The reactions were carried out through reflax... 

A new experimental setup was fabricated; equipped with an adjustable chamber’s length, with air tangentially flowing through the wall of vortex engine. In a vortex combustion chamber, the tangential inlet fuel or oxidizer creates both inner and outer vortices which are rotating in the same angular direction. Indeed, inner vortex moves from head to the end of engine in the axial direction; however, outer vortex moves in the opposite direction. This setup was fabricated to see the effect of fuel nozzle characteristics on the wall temperature of the chamber. In a vortex engine, vortices affect spray droplets and force them to have a spiral path. Moreover, relative velocity of droplets and flow... 

Vortex engine has shown to be a credible substitute in thermal power and aerospace industries mainly due to their advantages such as better mixing, improved combustion, and considerable cooled walls of combustion chamber. The engine geometry and tangential inlet oxidizer create inner and outer vortices rotating in the same angular direction. The inner vortex moves from head to the end of engine in the axial direction and outer vortex moves in the opposite direction. In the vortex engine, vortices affect spray droplets and force them to have a spiral path and apply a centrifugal force on the droplets to push them towards sidewall. Also axial relative velocity of droplets and flow filed act as... 

Vortex flow is one of the most sophisticated fluid movements in nature which has great industrial and scientific importance. In this dissertation, in order to study the combustion process due to a vortex flow, a new experimental model of a cold wall vortex engine, was designed, fabricated and tested with oxidizer issuing tangentially toward the end of the chamber. The cold wall effect in these chambers is a result of the cool layer of oxidizer which significantly reduces the amount of heat transfer to the chamber’s wall. This experimental model was designed to withstand the massive temperature rise resulting from the usage of Polyethylene as fuel and Nitrous oxide as oxidizer. In a series of... 

With the aim of making a pilot in two-steps, this thesis at 4 month accomplished. In first step, municipal sewage after passing of a septic tank loaded with daily 2 or 4m3/m2 rate to a vermi-filter while removal rate of COD was 83 and 64 percent respectively. In addition, the turbidity removal rate was 92 and 83 percent respectively. The results showed that vermi-filter is a suitable and cheap way for on-site wastewater treatment that is environmentally agreeable and odorless. Furthermore, the treated sewage is suitable for irrigate and flush tank usage. In the second step, for ground water denitrification, a synthetic wastewater with high nitrate, which nitrate is initially 13.5ppm NO3-N...