Sharif Digital Repository

Opposing trends of geometrical parameters in minimisation of bending loss and thus in maximising the quality factor are briefly discussed for micro-ring resonators. It is shown that, while the quality factor of low order modes is an oscillatory function of geometrical parameters, the quality factor of high order modes is a monotonic function. The former has discrete pairs of optimum inner and outer ring radii which maximises the quality factor. In contrast, the quality factor of the latter has no local maximum. Introduction of slight inhomogeneities does not change the overall behaviour of the quality factor but can increase its overall level when the refractive index of the ring region... 

Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives have many advantages over other drives, i.e. high efficiency and high power density. Particularly, PMSMs are epoch-making and are intensively studied among researchers, scientists and engineers. This paper deals with a novel high performance controller based on genetic algorithm. The scheme allows the motor to be driven with maximum torque per ampere characteristic. In this paper assuming an appropriate fitness function, the optimum values for d-axis current of motor set points at each time are found and then applied to the controller. Simulation results show the successful operation of the proposed controller  

The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) control system has an important effect on operation of cell. Traditional controllers couldn't lead to acceptable responses because of time- change, long- hysteresis, uncertainty, strong- coupling and nonlinear characteristics of PEMFCs, so an intelligent or adaptive controller is needed. In this paper a neural network predictive controller have been designed to control the voltage of at the presence of fluctuations of temperature. The results of implementation of this designed NN Predictive controller on a dynamic electrochemical model of a small size 5 KW, PEM fuel cell have been simulated by MATLAB/SIMULINK  

Xanthene dyes, such as fluorescein and rhodamine, have played crucial rules in biological sciences especially covalent attachment of these organic compounds to biomolecules. 3-O-methylfluorescein and 3,6-O-dimethylfluorescein were synthesized and purified using a facile procedure. 3,6-O-dimethylfluorescein, which lacks fluorescence, was treated with sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid solutions, giving rise to yellow and green fluorescent compounds, respectively. In both basic and acidic conditions, donor-acceptor structures were formed. The reaction of 3,6-O-dimethylfluorescein with acids, in a reversible manner, emitted green fluorescence, whereas its reaction with hydroxide ion,... 

Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives have many advantages over other drives, e.g. high efficiency and high power density. Particularly, permanent magnet synchronous motors are epoch-making and are intensively studied among researchers, scientists and engineers. This paper deals with a novel high performance controller based on genetic algorithm. The scheme allows the motor to be driven with maximum torque per ampere characteristic. In this paper assuming an appropriate fitness function, the optimum values for d-axis current of motor set points at each time are found and then applied to the controller. Simulation results show the successful operation of the proposed controller. ©... 

The study reported in this paper deals with the problem of developing a controller with tolerance to current sensor faults. To achieve this goal, two control strategies are considered. In the first method, field oriented control and a developed observer are used in case of no fault. The second approach is concerned with fault tolerant strategy based on an observer for faulty conditions. Current sensors failures are detected and the current will be estimated successfully in order to allow continuous operation of the vector control. Based on the motor model, currents can be estimated using a nonlinear observer. A decoupling current vector control strategy is developed to ensure high... 

This work considers the problem of designing a fault tolerant system for IPMS motor drive subject to current sensor fault. To achieve this goal, two control strategies are considered. The first is based on field oriented control and a developed adaptive backstepping observer which simultaneously are used in the case of fault-free. The second approach proposed is concerned with fault tolerant strategy based on observer for faulty conditions. Stator resistance as possible source of system uncertainty is taken into account under different operating conditions. Current sensors failures are detected and observer based on adaptive backstepping approach is used to estimate currents and stator... 

We substitute different types of photonic crystal waveguide components by approximate transmission line circuits. The proposed distributed circuits exploit the analogy of wave propagation in photonic crystal waveguides and transmission lines. They are either cascaded to each other or inserted like stubs to imitate wave propagation within the photonic structure. Notable examples, e.g. coupled waveguide-cavity systems, sharp 90° bends, and T-junctions, are studied in detail. It is shown that analysis of the proposed circuits here can yield accurate enough results and thus substitute the brute-force numerical methods. The privilege of having analytical models is exploited to improve the... 

Metal films with a periodic arrangement of cut-through slits are studied to show that artificial surface conductivity is created at the flat interface between the periodic slits and the cover/substrate. The presence of surface conductivity when the periodic structure is modeled by an effective refractive index can describe how non-specular higher diffracted orders affect the specular zeroth diffracted order. The magnitude of this surface conductivity is controlled geometrically. The artificial surface conductivity is pure imaginary and thus reactive if all non-specular orders are evanescent. This is usually the case in the low frequency regime. At higher working frequencies when some... 

Structures of tapered geometry are customarily used in a variety of applications. The analysis of such structures is usually made through finite element method using traditional beam, shell or brick elements. In this paper, a new tapered superelement is presented that lends itself to modeling revolving geometries under lateral, axial and torsional loads. The presented tapered superelement has 16 nodes. The performance of this element under static and dynamic loading and in rotating condition is examined. It is shown that this element yields accurate results with higher computational efficiency compared to conventional elements. Furthermore, it is verified that a single tapered superelement... 

A rapid wax injection tool of a gearbox shift fork was designed, simulated, and manufactured using rapid prototyping and rapid tooling technology to save time and cost of producing wax models used for the investment casting process. CAE simulation softwares, in particular, MoldFlow, are used to get wax injection moulding parameters such as filling parameters, temperature profiles, freeze time, speed, and pressure. The results of this research were compared with conventional wax model production methods. The criteria of such comparison were based upon parameters such as time, cost, and other related characteristics, which resulted in saving of 50% in time and 60% in cost. In this research,... 

Herein, the CO methanation reaction is studied over Ni/Fe–Al mixed oxides with various Fe and Al contents. The mesoporous nanocrystalline supports are prepared by a novel sol–gel process using propylene oxide as a gelation agent. The deposition–precipitation method is used for the deposition of nickel on the catalyst support. The samples are characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), temperature programmed oxidation (TPO), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicate that increasing the iron content and reducing the Al percentage in the catalyst support reduces the... 

In this paper, the combination of dry reforming and partial oxidation of methane on nickel catalysts supported on mesoporous MgAl2O4 was investigated. The support was prepared by a facile sol-gel route using propylene oxide as a gelation agent. The characterizations of the catalysts were performed by BET, XRD, TPR, TPO, TPH, UV–vis, CO-dispersion, SEM and TEM techniques. In addition, the effects of nickel content, reaction and reduction temperatures, feed ratio and the GHSV value on the physicochemical and catalytic properties were studied. The results revealed that the nickel content had an optimum value of 7.5 wt% and the catalyst with this content of nickel exhibited the highest activity.... 

In this paper, a comprehensive study was conducted on the application of various MeAl2O4 spinels (Me = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mg) as the catalyst support for the preparation of nickel-based catalysts in the combined dry reforming and partial oxidation. These supports were synthesized by a novel facile sol-gel method using propylene oxide as the gelation agent and nickel was deposited on these supports by the deposition-precipitation method. The prepared samples were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, XRD, TPR, TPO, CO2-TPD, SEM, and TEM techniques. In addition, the temperature-programmed methane dissociation (TPMD) was performed to evaluate the effect of nickel-support interaction on... 

The bending performance of standard nanoplasmonic slot waveguides is substantially improved by reducing the leakage loss and reflection in a systematic way. The out-of-plane power leakage is suppressed by using square metallic patches above and below the bend. The in-plane power leakage is reduced by elimination of the asymmetry between the electrical length of the inner and outer corners of the bend. The unwanted reflection is decreased by changing the shape of the outer corner of the bend. The partial reflections caused by the indentations of the modified shape destructively interfere with each other and thereby decrease the unwanted back reflection  

An approximate and accurate enough multi-conductor transmission line model is developed for analysis of side-coupled metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguides. MIM waveguides have been already modeled by single conductor transmission lines. Here, the side coupling effects that exist between neighboring plasmonic structures are taken into account by finding appropriate values for distributed mutual inductance and mutual capacitance between every two neighboring conductors in the conventional single-conductor transmission line models. In this manner, multi-conductor transmission line models are introduced. Closed-form expressions are given for the transmission and reflection of miscellaneous MIM... 

A coupled transmission line model whose parameters are analytically given is provided for fast and accurate analysis of miscellaneous plasmonic structures with metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) arrangement. The coupling of surface plasmons supported by the planar metal-dielectric interfaces is included in the proposed model and thereby the effects of the first non-principal mode of the MDM waveguide are considered. In particular, MDM bends, junctions, and stubs are studied. Using rigorous numerical solutions, e.g., the finite-element method and the finite-difference time-domain, it is shown that the proposed model is accurate in all those cases  

In this paper a highly efficient optical diode is demonstrated in photonic crystal waveguides with broken spatial symmetry. The structure is made of isotropic linear materials and does not need high power optical beams or strong magnetic fields. While the proposed structure shows almost complete light transmission (>99%) in one direction, it blocks light transmission in the opposite direction. This unidirectional transmission is retained within a wide range of frequencies (>4% of central frequency). In order to achieve an optical diode effect, the optical mode of the waveguide is manipulated by designing an ultra-compact mode converter and an efficient mode filter. The dimensions of the... 

An easy-to-design single-stub nano-coupler is proposed to increase the direct coupling efficiency between metal-insulator-metal (MIM) plasmonic and high-index dielectric waveguides. The modal reflection and transmission from the junction are exploited to provide a circuit description for the structure. The return loss of direct coupling is then minimized by loading the MIM waveguide with a single stub. Numerical examples are given, and the accuracy of the model is examined via finite-difference time-domain method  

A simple yet accurate model for the analysis of coupling between arrayed plasmonic slot cavities and bus/drop metal-dielectric-metal waveguides is presented. The evanescent coupling region is replaced by a transmission line section whose propagation constant and characteristic impedance are given in closed form. The side coupling between the bus waveguide and the slot cavity is modeled together with the direct coupling between the slot cavity and the drop channel. The proposed model is validated by using rigorous numerical method, and is used to design a typical demultiplexer