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Determination of environmental water requirements of Lake Urmia, Iran: An ecological approach
, Article International Journal of Environmental Studies ; Volume 64, Issue 2 , 2007 , Pages 161-169 ; 00207233 (ISSN) ; Nazaridoust, A ; Sharif University of Technology
2007
Abstract
Lake Urmia is a thalassohaline ecosystem. It is an extremely simple ecological pyramid. This makes it a very sensitive ecosystem. This ecosystem has been facing various threats regarding the amount of water released from the associated basin. To calculate the lake water requirement with an ecological approach, we identified three variables: ecology, water quality, and water quantity indices as environmental indicators. The ecological index represented by Artemia urmiana is considered as an independent variable; while, the water quality index represented by concentration of NaCl, and the water quantity index represented by water elevation are regarded as dependent variables. The salinity...
Investigating the Effect of Chemical Coating on Reducing Evaporation from Saline Waters (Case Study of Lake Urmia)
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Tajrishi, Masoud (Supervisor) ; Irajizad, Azam (Supervisor)
Abstract
This study tries to introduce chemical coatings to reducing evaporation from Lake Urmia(LU). In LU, average annual evaporation is estimated at more than 1,000 mm, more than 80% of evaporation occurring in the warmer months of the year. Therefore, by reducing water evaporation, especially in the warmer months of the year, the most crucial factor in water outflow from LU can be reduced.At first, on the scale of class A evaporation pan in Tehran, three kinds of chemical coatings constituted stearic acid, jojoba oil, and fatty alcohols of style and stearyl to reduce evaporation from the LU is investigated. Then the best coating that includes combine of style and stearyl alcohols with stearic...
Assessment of 2DH and pseudo-3D modelling platforms in a large saline aquatic system: Lake Urmia, Iran
, Article Hydrological Processes ; Vol. 28, Issue. 18 , 2014 , pp. 49534970 ; ISSN: 10991085 ; Tofighi, M. A ; Bakhtiari, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to provide comparative quantitative examinations on the capabilities of two-dimensional horizontal and pseudo-three-dimensional (3D) modelling approaches for simulating spatial and temporal variability of the flow and salinity in Lake Urmia, Iran. The water quality in the lake has been an environmentally important subject partly because this shallow hypersaline aquatic ecosystem is considered to be one of the largest natural habitats of a unique multicellular organism, Artemia urmiana. This brine shrimp is the major food source for many of the protected and rare shorebirds that visit the lake. A.urmiana can grow and survive in certain ranges of salinity,...
Effect of Low Power CW Laser (He-Ne)on Artemia Cyst
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Sadighi Bonabi, Rasoul (Supervisor)
Abstract
Artemia (brine shrimp) is a genus of crustaceans that lives in saltwater and due to having unique features, in producing the food and nutrients needed for larvae and other types of farmed sea creatures, is of great importance. In its natural environment under certain conditions, Artemia produces cysts that float at the water surface and are driven ashore by wind and waves. These cysts are inactive and do not develop further as long as they are kept dry. Upon immersion in seawater, the biconcave cysts hydrate and become spherical and, within the shell, the embryo resumes its interrupted metabolism. After about 20 h the outer membrane of the cyst breaking and the embryo appears, surrounded by...
The effect of irradiating photon on biological qualities of Artemia/Artemia cysts
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Sadighi Bonabi, Rasoul (Supervisor) ; Ghaeni, Mansooreh (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
Artemia is a small crustacean which has adapted to live in high salty water.The name of Artemia has been chosen according to its appearance. The adult Artemia is viviparous in the proper conditions whereas in tough conditions it reproduces the cysts. About 20 hours after the floating of cysts in water, its crust splits and after a while nauplii is produced by the free swimming. The changes of the hatching percentage of cysts Artemia and also the changes of Artemia Urmiana's size have been evaluated in this report.
The hatching percentage of cysts have been studied under LED radiation of red, orange, green and blue wavelengths, under red diode laser radiation and also under the...
The hatching percentage of cysts have been studied under LED radiation of red, orange, green and blue wavelengths, under red diode laser radiation and also under the...
40-years of lake urmia restoration research: review, synthesis and next steps
, Article Science of the Total Environment ; Volume 832 , 2022 ; 00489697 (ISSN) ; Rosenberg, D. E ; Ghale, Y. A. G ; Khazaei, B ; Null, S. E ; Raja, O ; Safaie, A ; Sima, S ; Sorooshian, A ; Wurtsbaugh, W. A ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2022
Abstract
Public concern over environmental issues such as ecosystem degradation is high. However, restoring coupled human-natural systems requires integration across many science, technology, engineering, management, and governance topics that are presently fragmented. Here, we synthesized 544 peer-reviewed articles published through September 2020 on the desiccation and nascent recovery of Lake Urmia in northwest Iran. We answered nine questions of scientific and popular interest about causes, impacts, stabilization, recovery, and next steps. We find: (1) Expansion of irrigated agriculture, dam construction, and mismanagement impacted the lake more than temperature increases and precipitation...
Evaluation of dike-type causeway impacts on the flow and salinity regimes in Urmia Lake, Iran
, Article Journal of Great Lakes Research ; Volume 35, Issue 1 , 2009 , Pages 13-22 ; 03801330 (ISSN) ; Tofighi, M. A ; Vafaee, F ; Sharif University of Technology
2009
Abstract
Urmia Lake, located in a closed basin in north-west Iran, is the largest lake (5000-6000 km2) in the Middle East. It is very saline with total dissolved salts reaching 200 g/l compared with a normal seawater salinity of about 35 g/l. The construction of a causeway, which was initiated in 1979 but then abandoned until the early 2000s, is near completion and will provide road access between the western and eastern provinces. The causeway has an opening 1.25 km long and divides Urmia Lake into a northern and southern basin and restricts water exchange. The flow and salinity regimes are affected by the presence of this new causeway, and there are concerns over the well being of the Artemia...