Sharif Digital Repository

The theory of quantum optomechanics is reconstructed from first principles by finding a Lagrangian from light's equation of motion and then proceeding to the Hamiltonian. The nonlinear terms, including the quadratic and higher-order interactions, do not vanish under any possible choice of canonical parameters, and lead to coupling of momentum and field. The existence of quadratic mechanical parametric interaction is then demonstrated rigorously, which has been so far assumed phenomenologically in previous studies. Corrections to the quadratic terms are particularly significant when the mechanical frequency is of the same order or larger than the electromagnetic frequency. Further discussions... 

Special Lagrangian sub-manifolds of Calabi-Yau (CY) 3-folds are used to describe membrane instanton solutions of N = 1, 11-dimensional super-gravity theories. Super-symmetry is the essential ingredient that relates super-gravity branes to special Lagrangian sub-manifolds [K. Becker, M. Becker and A. Strominger, Fivebranes, membranes and non-perturbative string theory, Nucl. Phys. B 456(1-2) (1995) 135-152]. In this note we would like to explain this relation, more explicitly and with more details than in the current literature  

It is first shown that the Dirac's equation in a relativistic frame could be modified to allow discrete time, in agreement to a recently published upper bound. Next, an exact self-adjoint 4 × 4 relativistic time operator for spin-1/2 particles is found and the time eigenstates for the non-relativistic case are obtained and discussed. Results confirm the quantum mechanical speculation that particles can indeed occupy negative energy levels with vanishingly small but non-zero probablity, contrary to the general expectation from classical physics. Hence, Wolfgang Pauli's objection regarding the existence of a self-adjoint time operator is fully resolved. It is shown that using the time... 

Partial decoding scheme is a scheme in which each relay decodes only part of the transmitted message. Obviously, the achievable rates proposed by the partial decoding scheme subsume the achievable rates proposed by the full decoding scheme. The other motivation of using partial decoding scheme is that there are some special classes of relay networks such as semi-deterministic and orthogonal relay networks such that their capacities are obtained via this scheme. The authors propose a comprehensive partial decoding scheme based on regular encoding/sliding window decoding analysis to propose a new achievable rate for two-level relay networks. In contrast with the previously proposed methods,... 

In this study, the robustness of the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) routes is investigated by recognising the special combinatorial structures of Kalmanson matrices. A recognition algorithm encompassing three procedures based on combinatorial and linear programming (LP) is developed and executed on several randomly generated instances. These procedures produce three lower bounds which provide guarantees on the optimality of the solutions. Computational experiments show that the proposed LP-based procedure performs efficiently well across all problem dimensions and provides the best lower bounds to the TSP. This is supported by an average deviation of less than 7% between the TSP tour... 

Why trade liberalizations increase the skill premium? To explain this empirical evidence that is in contrast with the conventional theory of Heckscher-Ohlin, I build up a general equilibrium micro-founded heterogeneous-firm model of international trade where firms make decisions on their division of labor, and firms’ skill-intensities are endogenously determined. I show why the exporters are generally more productive and skill intensive and how trade cost reductions induce more productive firms to choose a higher degree of labor specialization, become more skill intensive and start to export. I further demonstrate how such internal horizontal organizational changes, after a trade cost... 

The seismic behavior of stainless-steel built-up box columns subjected to constant axial loads and cyclic lateral deformation that are used in special moment frames (SMFs) has been investigated through finite element (FE) analysis. A total of 208 numerical models were conducted to cover a range of parameters affecting the seismic behavior of the columns. These include the web slenderness ratio, flange slenderness ratio, global slenderness ratio, axial load level, and lateral loading protocol. The performance indices of overstrength factor, axial shortening, out-of-plane deformation, plastic hinge length, and rotation capacity were calculated and compared. Local buckling of the columns also... 

One of the recently proposed strategies in health systems is providing services to patients at home and improving the service quality in addition to reducing the health system costs. In the real world, some services, such as biological tests or blood sampling, force the nurses to start or end his/her route from/at the laboratory instead of the depot, changing the whole optimal planning. The effect of these special service requirements and features has not been considered so far. In this study, a new mathematical model is suggested considering the flexibility of starting/ending places of each nurse’s route according to the specific characteristics of each service. Then, several sets of... 

The set covering problem (SCP) has quite a large coefficient matrix in practical problems, but due to its low density, most of its entries are zero. Drawing on this observation, some methods can be developed to exploit special structures of the coefficient matrix of an SCP in such a way that they contain smaller dense subproblems. Against this backdrop, in this paper, three structures, namely 'partitioned', 'semi-block angular', and 'block angular', are proposed. To begin with, some heuristic methods are presented to exploit these structures of the coefficient matrices of SCPs; then, by optimally solving the smaller subproblems of these structures, their solutions are used to solve the whole... 

In this paper, we investigate the performance of two strategies: simultaneous sliding window decoding (SimSlide) and simultaneous backward decoding (SimBack) when generalizing partial decode-and-forward to the relay networks. We show that these two methods yield the same achievable rates for relay networks but in comparison with sequential decoding, they yield higher rates. This is due to the fact that simultaneously decoding the different parts of the source message yields fewer bounds and this ultimately results a comprehensive and higher rate. We also introduce a special class of semi-deterministic relay networks and obtain its capacity by the proposed achievable rate  

Several methods have been proposed in data envelopment analysis (DEA) for measuring efficiency in problems with interval or ordinal data. In this study, we review the weaknesses and drawbacks of these methods and show how converting ordinal or interval data into precise data can lead to violations of established DEA axioms. One of the axioms violated by these conversion processes is the inclusion of observations axiom, which requires a consistent definition of the production possibility set. We describe the special properties of ordinal and interval data together with their effect on the DEA-based rankings using a theorem and an example. We also propose a new algorithm and apply random... 

Several methods have been proposed in data envelopment analysis (DEA) for measuring efficiency in problems with interval or ordinal data. In this study, we review the weaknesses and drawbacks of these methods and show how converting ordinal or interval data into precise data can lead to violations of established DEA axioms. One of the axioms violated by these conversion processes is the inclusion of observations axiom, which requires a consistent definition of the production possibility set. We describe the special properties of ordinal and interval data together with their effect on the DEA-based rankings using a theorem and an example. We also propose a new algorithm and apply random... 

Recently, V. Sorokine et al. (see IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.48, no.10, p.1660-8, 2000; vol.48, no.11, p.1818-28, 2000) have introduced a class of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes which, when applied on an IS-95 CDMA system, show, at BER=10-3, a five-fold and two-fold increase in capacity compared to the traditional uncoded scheme and to state-of-the-art low-rate orthogonal convolutional codes, respectively. However, these codes suffer from an error-floor at lower BERs which are needed for high-quality services, such as data. To enhance the capacity of CDMA systems, not only for moderate BER values but also for lower BER values, we modify the construction of these codes slightly, to... 

In the seismic design of steel special moment frames, it is necessary to ensure that columns are generally stronger than beams. This reduces the probability of a weak story failure mechanism of the frame and ensures the formation of beams' plastic hinges earlier than the columns'. This criterion is known as strong column-weak beam (SCWB) in seismic design codes and is checked by a formula in the form of a ratio of total flexural strengths of columns to beams framing at each joint. It is common practice to ignore the column section change at the splice location and to use the flexural strength of the larger column section in evaluating this ratio. In this paper, several steel special moment...