Sharif Digital Repository

Wing rock motion can be described as an oscillatory bank angle buildup to a constant amplitude rocking motion. This phenomenon is realized for delta wings with more than 74 degrees leading edge sweep angles, where asymmetric vortex shedding occurs before vortex breakdown. For wings with sweep angles less than 74 degrees, rocking motion occurs if the wing is in a yawed situation. In this paper, a new and simple method has been presented to predict the amplitude and frequency of oscillation of delta wings undergoing rocking motion at high angles of attack. The predicted data are in excellent agreement with those obtained by experimental studies for wings with sweep angles of 76 and 80 degrees  

The effect of inertial forces on the Structural Dynamics (SD) behaviour of Elastic Flapping Wings (EFWs) is investigated. In this regard, an analytical modal-based SD solution of EFW undergoing a prescribed rigid body motion is initially derived. The formulated initial-value problem is solved analytically to study the EFW structural responses, and sensitivity with respect to EFWs' key parameters. As a case study, a rectangular wing undergoing a prescribed sinusoidal motion is simulated. The analytical solution is derived for the first time and helps towards a conceptual understanding of the overall EFW's SD behaviour and its analysis required in their designs. Specifically, the EFW transient... 

[No abstract available]  

Extensive subsonic wind tunnel tests were conducted on a coplanar wing-canard configuration at various angles of attack. In these experiments, a 60° swept canard was placed upstream of a 60° swept main delta wing. This paper deals with the distribution of mean and fluctuating pressure coefficients on the upper surfaces of both the canard and the wing immersed in a variety of angles of attack. According to the results, presence of canard postpones the vortex formation and growth on the wing to higher angles of attack compared to the canard-off case. Due to the canard downwash field, the wing operates at lower effective angles of attack and therefore, its vortex breakdown is delayed. The... 

The structural dynamics (SD) behavior of Elastic Flapping Wings (EFWs) is investigated analytically as a novel approach in EFWs analysis. In this regard an analytical SD solution of EFW undergoing a prescribed rigid body motion is initially derived, where the governing equations are expressed in modal space. The inertial forces are also analytically computed utilizing the actuator induced acceleration effects on the wing structure, while due to importance of analytical solution the linearity assumption is also considered. The formulated initial-value problem is solved analytically to study the EFW structural responses, where the effect of structure-actuator frequency ratio,... 

The objective of this paper is study of flowfield over the wing of a coplanar and close-coupled wing-canard configuration model using neural network, in order to reduce measurement points and experiment time. The results are based on flowfield pressure and wing surface pressure measurements at difference angles of attack, no sideslip and difference angles of canard. A GRNN (General Regression Neural Network) algorithm is developed to determine the shape and trajectory of vortices over this model. This network uses the total pressure coefficients of flowfield over the wing of this model that are obtained by total pressure probe as its input. The data presented to the network are processed to... 

In this paper, a new approach based on a Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) has been proposed to predict the unsteady forces and moments on a 70° swept wing undergoing sinusoidal pitching motion. Extensive wind tunnel results were being used for training the network and for verification of the values predicted by this approach. The Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) has been trained by the aforementioned experimental data and subsequently was used as a prediction tool to determine the unsteady longitudinal forces and moments of the pitching delta wing for various reduced frequencies. The results are in a good agreement with those determined by the previous experimental... 

With the advent of various advanced materials, the idea of flying like birds has attracted considerable attention in recent years. In addition, aeroacoustics has become an important issue and is being widely studied. In this work, based on the shape of Owls’ wings, an attempt was made to improve the aeroacoustic and aerodynamic performances of conventional aircraft wings. For this purpose, wings with different elements, namely, square, triangular, and semicircular, on their top surface were examined. In addition, three different spatial distributions of the elements according to the Owl’s wings shape were considered. For incompressible airflow, aerodynamic and aeroacoustic parameters of wing... 

In aircraft wings, aileron mass parameter presents a tremendous effect on the velocity and frequency of the flutter problem. For that purpose, we present the optimization of a composite design wing with an aileron, using machine-learning approach. Mass properties and its distribution have a great influence on the multi-variate optimization procedure, based on speed and frequency of flutter. First, flutter speed was obtained to estimate aileron impact. Additionally mass-equilibrated and other features were investigated. It can deduced that changing the position and mass properties of the aileron are tangible following the speed and frequency of the wing flutter. Based on the proposed... 

In this paper, the aeroelastic behavior and flutter instability of aircraft wings in subsonic incompressible flight speed regime are investigated. Quasi-steady and unsteady aerodynamic models are used for aerodynamic modeling and the obtained aeroelastic predictions are compared to those available in the specialized literature. Based on a number of test cases, it is shown that the quasi-steady aerodynamic models are inadequate for the determination of aeroelastic behavior and flutter boundary of aircraft wings in the incompressible flight speed range. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved  

The most effective approach to drag reduction is to concentrate on the components that make up the largest percentage of the overall drag. Small improvements on large quantities can become in fact remarkable aerodynamic improvements. Our experience shows that the use of light material in constructing human-powered airplanes and unmanned-air-vehicles UAVs has a few side effects on the aerodynamic characteristics of their wings. One important side effect is the unwanted deflection on wing shell. It is because of high flexibility and low solidity of the light material, which covers the wing skeleton. The created curvature has direct impact on the separation phenomenon occurred over the wing in... 

The subject of the present paper is the investigation of the sharp edged gust effects on the aeroelastic behavior of a flexible wing. It is important to determine the response of the wing to the atmospheric turbulences during normal flight. So, linear modal analysis technique and linear quasi-steady aerodynamic are used for structural modeling and aerodynamic loading, respectively. Also, Lagrange method is used to obtain the system of equations of motion. Using the normal modes of free vibration, structural and aerodynamic matrices can be constructed. Then the aeroelastic instability of the system is determined using p method. Kussner function is used to model the sharp gust effects on the... 

Ornithopters or mechanical birds produce aerodynamic lift and thrust through the flapping motion of their wings. Here, we use an experimental apparatus to investigate the effects of a wing's twisting stiffness on the generated thrust force and the power required at different flapping frequencies. A flapping wing system and an experimental set-up were designed to measure the unsteady aerodynamic and inertial forces, power usage and angular speed of the flapping wing motion. A data acquisition system was set-up to record important data with the appropriate sampling frequency. The aerodynamic performance of the vehicle under hovering (i.e., no wind) conditions was investigated. The lift and... 

The flying agility demonstrated by dragonflies is accomplished by means of complex aerodynamic forces produced by flapping their four wings arranged in a tandem configuration. The current study presents a novel tandem flapping wing mechanism for a biomimetic air vehicle that was designed and manufactured to experimentally investigate the aerodynamic forces. By optimizing the configuration and using spatial network analysis, it is shown that the designed structure can flap the wings in a linear up–down stroke motion and is capable of maintaining good consistency and aerodynamic performance. Such a mechanism could be used in a future biomimetic micro air vehicle (BMAV) design. The mechanism... 

This paper aims to investigate aeroelastic stability boundary of subsonic wings under the effect of thrust of two engines. The wing structure is modeled as a tapered composite box-beam. Moreover, an indicial function based model is used to calculate the unsteady lift and moment distribution along the wing span in subsonic compressible flow. The two jet engines mounted on the wing are modeled as concentrated masses and the effect of thrust of each engine is applied as a follower force. Using Hamilton's principle along with Galerkin's method, the governing equations of motion are derived, then the obtained equations are solved in frequency domain using the K-method and the aeroelastic...