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A Supply Chain Model for the Evaluation of Fossil and Bio Fuels in Iran

Haj Hassan, Atiye | 2016

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 49088 (46)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Energy Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Avami, Akram
  7. Abstract:
  8. Clean and Renewable energies are one of the most important part of global policy. In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions mostly from fossil fuels, many countries have introduced biofuels to avoid depletion of fossil fuels and decrease the pollution. In Iran, large dependency on crude oil and natural gas resources cause barriers for utilization of biofuels. The country has plenty of biomass resources that may guide national decision makers toward biofuels.In this study, biomass supply chain to produce biofuel is studied to reach sustainability. The model enables us to depict the optimal path to reach the economic, environmental, and social sustainability through the whole supply chain. The economic objective is measured by the total annualized cost, the environmental objectives are the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions and the average water consumption, and the social objective is the number of accrued local jobs as an indicator of the social benefits.This research, assesses environmental and social aspect of supply chain that is not reported in the literature till now, and the geographic dimension of the present study cover all provinces and their interaction in different levels of supply chain. The results indicate that biofuels are not competitive with fossil fuels economically. However, they decrease 42% of greenhouse gas emissions and 8% of water consumption in the transportation sector of the country. Jatropha and municipal solid wastes are the most economic and water efficient feedstocks to produce biodiesel and bioethanol, respectively. Considering the greenhouse gas emissions, the agricultural wastes and residue and algae are the most attractive feedstocks to produce bioethanol and biodiesel, respectively. Therefore, suitable policy for decreasing the cost of biofuel as well as creating sustainable conditions for both biofuels and fossil fuels, will help to diffuse the biofuels in energy supply system to improve country’s environment
  9. Keywords:
  10. Supply Chain ; Bioethanol ; Biodiesel ; Life Cycle Assessment ; Fossil Fuels ; Biofuel

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