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Development of Carbon Management Hierarchy Method Based on Process Integration Techniques

Fooladi, Fatemeh | 2019

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 52251 (46)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Energy Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Avami, Akram
  7. Abstract:
  8. Continuous increase of energy demand, scarcity of resources, as well as environmental limitations have led to the need to reduce carbon emissions. In this research, an MINLP model based on the mathematical optimization formulation is proposed to reach this issue in a large cogeneration unit. Advantage of the hierarchical approach for carbon management are avoiding individual carbon reduction policies, and embedding emission control techniques in a hierarchical mathematical model that helps us to select the most appropriate policies and prioritize each other. In the carbon management hierarchy, the optimization of the base cycle is done at the first stage. Then, the use of renewable energies such as bio energy from gasification of municipal solids and solar energy are proposed in order to minimize carbon emissions. At the third stage, the life cycle assessment of carbon has been performed by optimization planning considering carbon limitations. Finally, carbon capture and its utilization as methanol are considered. Two different economic and environmental objectives of a large-scale combined cooling, heat and power system are optimized. The initial point in Pareto frontier in the base mode is the result of the environmental optimization, where the lowest emission is 294,152 tons per year, with a total annual cost of 74.4 million dollars per year, and the end point of the chart is the result of economic optimization, where the lowest annual cost of 65.33 million dollars with the highest emissions, 433664 tons of carbon. In the hybrid mode, the Pareto's initial point is the result of the environmental optimization, where the lowest emissions are 77,743 tons per year and the annual cost is 126.64 million dollars and the end point is the result of economic optimization with the lowest annual cost of 120.09 million dollars, with the highest emissions 210,664 tons of carbon. In the second series, six scenarios have been economically and environmentally assessed, and the best scenarios have been identified to create the optimal structure. The results of the second series show that the use of renewable energies along with fossil fuels may overcome the carbon emission reduction problem, but in the third series, by studying the life cycle assessment of the carbon through optimization planning with consideration of carbon constraints, solar energy is not preferable and the biomass is the best resource. When emission limit is equal to 24%, natural gas is selected as the resource and after 44% emission limit, the use of natural gas will be fully prioritized to the use of biomass. In the fourth series, carbon utilization and methanol production may benefit from 113 million dollars a year reducing the carbon emissions to 21497 tons a year
  9. Keywords:
  10. Process Integration ; Energy Optimization ; Mathematical Programming ; Gasification Process ; Solar Energy ; Carbon Utilization ; Life Cycle Assessment

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