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On The Foundation of Cognitive Sciences: A Critique of Neurotheology

Solgi, Farshid | 2020

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 52967 (42)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Philosophy of Science
  6. Advisor(s): Hosseini, Hassan
  7. Abstract:
  8. One of the tasks of philosophy of science is to study the pre-suppositions involved in the natural sciences, to study the concepts used in scientific researches and theorizing. Hence, neglecting philosophy and even the modality of philosophical views, can have devastating effects on any science, including psychology (if it can be called science). Wittgenstein believed that in psychology we are confronted with experimental methods and conceptual confusion, and that this confusion does not go away with giving the title of young knowledge to the psychology. The emergence and dominance of behaviorism can be attributed to the effects of positivism and the uncomprehensive interpretation of physics and chemistry among psychologists. In the light of cognitive science, a new attempt has been made to achieve scientific psychology, in which psychological phenomena are explained by hypotheses about cognitive processes, which are often unconscious. The relationship between cognitive science and philosophy, and especially philosophy of mind, and the important effects of cognitive science through psychological results and its potential for solving traditional philosophical problems and the appeal of its methodology, can be a good subject for research in philosophy of science. In recent years, new studies in the field of neuroscience, a science that studies the neural system of living things and whose dominant view is based on a kind of materialism, have been devoted to understand the relationship between spirituality and the brain. Some scientists are trying to explain religious behavior with neuroscience and are looking for a neural and evolutionary basis for spiritual experiences. Neurotheology is a combination of experimental psychology, neuropsychology, and brain imaging techniques that probes the relation between neurology in one side and religion and theology on the other side. People like Persinger, Newberg, and D’Aquili are trying to explain theology in line with neurological research. It seems that neurotheology may be merely an explanation for the physical part of the religious experience
  9. Keywords:
  10. Science ; Cognitive Science ; Scientism ; Neurotheology ; Cognitive Neuroscience ; Cognitive Psychology

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