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Biodiesel production from sunflower oil using k2co3 impregnated kaolin novel solid base catalyst

Jalalmanesh, S ; Sharif University of Technology | 2021

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  1. Type of Document: Article
  2. DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12486
  3. Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc , 2021
  4. Abstract:
  5. Kaolin clay material was loaded with potassium carbonate by impregnation method as a novel, effective, and economically heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production of sunflower oil via the transesterification reaction. The structural and chemical properties of the produced catalysts were characterized through several analyses including the X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area. These revealed the best catalyst for the investigated reaction among different ones prepared based upon various impregnation extent of the potassium carbonate. The influence of this parameter was examined through a comparison of the catalytic activity of differently produced catalysts. The impregnation amount of 20 wt% K2CO3 upon the kaolin achieved the highest catalytic activity attributed to its highest basicity. To expand upon the efficiency of transesterification, such reaction parameters including the molar ratio between methanol and oil, reactor loading of the catalyst, and time duration of the reaction were optimized. The highest yield of biodiesel over the K2O/kaolin catalyst was around 95.3 ± 1.2%, which was achieved using the kaolin support impregnated with 20 wt% of K2CO3 under optimum reaction conditions of the catalyst, reactor loading of 5 wt%, reaction temperature of 65 °C, methanol:oil molar ratio of 6:1, and reaction duration time of 4 hours. Ultimately, this optimized catalyst was demonstrated to successfully withstand the aforementioned optimum criteria up to five consecutive reaction cycles while experiencing a rather negligible loss of about 10% of its activity. © 2021 AOCS
  6. Keywords:
  7. Alkalinity ; Biodiesel ; Chemical analysis ; Clay ; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; Impregnation ; Kaolin ; Methanol ; Molar ratio ; Petroleum industry ; Potash ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Sunflower oil ; Transesterification ; Biodiesel production ; Consecutive reaction ; Heterogeneous catalyst ; Impregnation methods ; Optimum reaction conditions ; Reaction temperature ; Solid base catalysts ; Transesterification reaction ; Catalyst activity
  8. Source: JAOCS, Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society ; Volume 98, Issue 6 , 2021 , Pages 633-642 ; 0003021X (ISSN)
  9. URL: https://aocs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/aocs.12486