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The main goal of this study is to investigate the role of vascular graft thickness in wall stress gradient in anastomosis region. Atherosclerosis is a common heart disease causes high mortality rates every year. The gold standard treatment of atherosclerosis is replacing with autologous vein extracted from patient's body. Since proper autologous vein is limited, researchers have made efforts to achieve compliance engineered blood vessels. Mechanical stress has great effect on both smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells and it is considered as a stimulus in plaque formation. In this study, we evaluate the role of thickness in wall stress of anastomosis region. For this purpose, two... 

A vast amount of death in the world has been attributed to atherosclerosis. This disease causes plaque formation and finally lack of blood supply to an organ. The prominent aim of this study is proposing an accurate and simple model to investigate the process of arterial wall thickening. In order to investigate LDL (low density lipoprotein) accumulation in arterial wall which is considered the first stage of atherosclerosis, a four layer model for arterial wall consisting of endothelium, intima, IEL and media is presented. All layers are treated as homogenous porous media. The four-layer arterial wall model is the most powerful and reliable tool for modeling LDL transport within arterial... 

The main goal of this study is to investigate the role of vascular graft thickness in wall stress gradient in anastomosis region. Atherosclerosis is a common heart disease causes high mortality rates every year. The gold standard treatment of atherosclerosis is replacing with autologous vein extracted from patient's body. Since proper autologous vein is limited, researchers have made efforts to achieve compliance engineered blood vessels. Mechanical stress has great effect on both smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells and it is considered as a stimulus in plaque formation. In this study, we evaluate the role of thickness in wall stress of anastomosis region. For this purpose, two... 

A vast number of deaths in the world have been attributed to atherosclerosis. The prominent aim of this study is proposing an accurate and simple model to investigate the process of arterial wall thickening. In order to investigate LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) accumulation in arterial wall, a four layer model for arterial wall consisting of endothelium, intima, IEL, and media is presented. All layers are treated as homogenous porous media. This model has been solved both numerically and analytically. Obtained accumulated LDL in the intima is used to calculate oxidized LDL flux. Also, the presented model and clinical data are used to prepare the growth model for arterial wall. Furthermore,... 

Nanotechnology could provide a new complementary approach to treat coronary artery disease (CAD) which is now one of the biggest killers in the Western world. The course of events, which leads to atherosclerosis and CAD, involves many biological factors and cellular disease processes which may be mitigated by therapeutic methods enhanced by nanotechnology. Nanoparticles can provide a variety of delivery systems for cargoes such as drugs and genes that can address many problems within the arteries. In order to improve the performance of current stents, nanotechnology provides different nanomaterial coatings, in addition to controlled-release nanocarriers, to prevent in-stent restenosis.... 

The morphology of endothelial cells (ECs) may be an indication for determining atheroprone sites. Until now, there has been no clinical imaging technique to visualize the morphology of ECs in the arteries. The present study introduces a computational technique for determining the morphology of ECs. This technique is a multiscale simulation consisting of the artery scale and the cell scale. The artery scale is a fluid-structure interaction simulation. The input for the artery scale is the geometry of the coronary artery, that is, the dynamic curvature of the artery due to the cardiac motion, blood flow, blood pressure, heart rate, and the mechanical properties of the blood and the arterial... 

Due to increased atherosclerosis-caused mortality, identification of its genesis and development is of great importance. Although, key factors of the origin of the disease is still unknown, it is widely believed that cholesterol particle penetration and accumulation in arterial wall is mainly responsible for further wall thickening and decreased rate of blood flow during a gradual progression. To date, various effective components are recognized whose simultaneous consideration would lead to a more accurate approximation of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) distribution within the wall. In this research, a multilayer Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) model is studied to simulate the penetration... 

Due to increased atherosclerosis-caused mortality, identification of its genesis and development is of great importance. Although, key factors of the origin of the disease is still unknown, it is widely believed that cholesterol particle penetration and accumulation in arterial wall is mainly responsible for further wall thickening and decreased rate of blood flow during a gradual progression. To date, various effective components are recognized whose simultaneous consideration would lead to a more accurate approximation of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) distribution within the wall. In this research, a multilayer Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) model is studied to simulate the penetration... 

Biomechanical forces and hemodynamic factors influence the blood flow and the endothelial cells (ECs) morphology. These factors behave differently beyond the coronary artery stenosis. In the present study, unsteady blood flow in the left coronary artery (LCA) and its atherosclerotic bifurcating vessels, left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex (LCX) arteries, were numerically simulated to investigate the risk of plaque length development and secondary plaque formation in the post-stenotic areas. Using fluid–structure interaction (FSI) model, compliance of arterial wall and vessel curvature variations due to cardiac motion were considered. The arteries included plaques at the... 

Biomechanical forces and hemodynamic factors influence the blood flow and the endothelial cells (ECs) morphology. These factors behave differently beyond the coronary artery stenosis. In the present study, unsteady blood flow in the left coronary artery (LCA) and its atherosclerotic bifurcating vessels, left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex (LCX) arteries, were numerically simulated to investigate the risk of plaque length development and secondary plaque formation in the post-stenotic areas. Using fluid–structure interaction (FSI) model, compliance of arterial wall and vessel curvature variations due to cardiac motion were considered. The arteries included plaques at the... 

Background and Objective: Blood flow variation during cardiac cycle is the main mechanism of atherosclerotic development which is dependent on. Methods: The present work mainly tends to investigate stenosis effect in dynamic curvature of coronary artery. This paper presents numerical investigations on wall shear stress profiles in three-dimensional pulsatile flow through curved stenotic coronary arteries for both static and dynamic model. In order to do so, three-dimensional models related to the curved arteries with two degrees of stenosis (30% and 50%). Results: Lower amount of wall shear stress is found near the inner wall of artery distal to the plaque region (stenosis) and in both... 

Introduction: Endothelial cells (ECs) morphology strongly depends on the imposed mechanical stimuli. These mechanical stimuli include wall shear stress (WSS) and biaxial cyclic stretches (CS). Under combined loading, the effect of CS is not as simple as pure CS. The present study investigates the morphological response of ECs to the realistic mechanical stimuli. Methods: The cell population is theoretically studied using our previous validated model. The mechanical stimuli on ECs are described using four parameters; WSS magnitude (0 to 2.0 Pa), WSS angle (− 50° to 50°), and biaxial CS in two perpendicular directions (0 to 10%). The morphology of ECs is reported using four parameters; average... 

Atherosclerosis as a common cardiovascular disease is a result of both adverse hemodynamics conditions and monocyte deposition within coronary arteries. It is known that the adhesion of monocytes on the arterial wall and their interaction with the vascular surface are one of the main parameters in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. In this work, hemodynamic parameters and monocyte deposition have been investigated in a 3D computational model of the Left Anterior Descending coronary artery (LAD) and its first diagonal branch (D1) under the heart motion. A one-way Lagrangian approach is performed to trace the monocyte particles under different blood flow regimes and heart motion... 

Irregular hemodynamics affects the progression of various vascular diseases, such atherosclerosis or aneurysms. Despite the extensive hemodynamics studies on animal models, the inter-species differences between humans and animals hamper the translation of such findings. Recent advances in vascular tissue engineering and the suitability ofin vitromodels for interim analysis have increased the use ofin vitrohuman vascular tissue models. Although the effect of flow on endothelial cell (EC) pathophysiology and EC-flow interactions have been vastly studied in two-dimensional systems, they cannot be used to understand the effect of other micro- and macro-environmental parameters associated with... 

This study investigated the effects of different patterns of coronary artery tortuosity (CAT) on the stress concentration of the plaques and the blood flow pattern inside an atherosclerotic artery to predict the risk of plaque rupture and progression. Four different loadings of the coronary artery, including pulsatile blood pressure as well as one-end twist around the artery axis at blood pressures of 74, 100, and 120 mmHg were considered. No study has addressed bent and twist buckling of an atherosclerotic artery considering pulsatile flow (for bent buckling), fluid-solid interaction, and different geometrical parameters of the plaque. The results showed that C-shape tortuosity under...