Sharif Digital Repository

Stress is a body's natural way of responding to any kind of demand or challenge that everyone experiences from time to time. Although short-Term stress typically does not impose a health burden, exposure to prolonged stress can lead to significant adverse physiological and behavioral changes. Coping with the impact of stress is a challenging task and in this context, stress assessment is essential in preventing detrimental long-Term effects. The public embracement of connected wearable Internet of Things (IoT) devices, as well as the proliferation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies, have generated new opportunities for personalized stress tracking and... 

As the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) brings the realization of ubiquitous connectivity ever closer, our reliance on these applications gets more important. Nowadays, such connected devices could be found everywhere, from home appliances to industrial control systems and environmental monitoring applications. One of the main challenges in IoT infrastructures is that of reliability, which emboldens itself in the context of Low-power and Lossy Networks (LLN) as they are inherently prone to packet loss as a result of their environmental and design constraints. Therefore, reliability of IoT devices becomes crucially important. With communication, the most important consideration in these... 

Cooperative relaying can be introduced as a promising approach for data communication in the Internet of Things (IoT), where the source and the destination may be placed far away. In this paper, by taking a variety of realistic hardware imperfections (HWIs) and channels estimation errors (CEEs) into account, the secrecy performance of a three-hop cooperative network with a source, a destination and two consecutive amplify-and-forward (AF) relays is investigated. The relays are considered to be untrusted, i.e., while they are mandatory helpers for data transmission, they may overhear the received signals. We adopt the artificial noise injection scheme, to keep the source message secret from... 

In this paper, we study the secrecy throughput of a full-duplex wireless powered communication network (WPCN) for Internet of Things (IoT). The WPCN consists of a full-duplex multiantenna base station (BS) and a number of sensor nodes. The BS transmits energy all the time, and each node harvests energy prior to its transmission time slot. The nodes sequentially transmit their confidential information to the BS, and the other nodes are considered as potential eavesdroppers. We first aim to optimize the sum secrecy throughput of the nodes. The optimization variables are the duration of the time slots and the BS beamforming vectors in different time slots. The optimization problem is shown to... 

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new model that contributes to connect heterogeneous objects and devices. It can share information with any device globally. Furthermore, the sensor technologies, communications, networks, and cloud computing technology in the IoT are expected to be integrated into large-scale monitored spaces. The main infrastructure of monitoring in the IoT is based on wireless sensor networks. Saving energy and expanding the lifetime are significant properties of the sensor’s nodes in these systems. The efficient energy saving projects should develop appropriate energy consumption’s algorithms to improve the lifetime of the networks in the IoT systems. In this paper, a... 

By exponential increase in applications of the Internet of Things (IoT), such as smart ecosystems or e-health, more security threats have been introduced. In order to resist known attacks for IoT networks, multiple security protocols must be established among nodes. Thus, IoT devices are required to execute various cryptographic operations, such as public key encryption/decryption. However, classic public key cryptosystems, such as Rivest-Shammir-Adlemon and elliptic curve cryptography are computationally more complex to be efficiently implemented on IoT devices and are vulnerable regarding quantum attacks. Therefore, after complete development of quantum computing, these cryptosystems will... 

Fog computing provides a distributed computing paradigm that executes interactive and distributed applications, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Large-scale scientific applications, often in the form of workflow ensembles, have a distributed and interactive nature that demands a dispersed execution environment like fog computing. However, handling a large-scale application in heterogeneous environment of fog computing requires harmonizing heterologous resources over the continuum from the IoT to the cloud. This paper investigates offloading and task allocation problems for orchestrating the resources in a fog computing environment where the IoT application is considered in... 

With the widespread use of Internet of Things (IoT) in every aspect of human's daily life, communications of such an enormous amount of existing embedded devices in these systems arise many new challenges from power consumption, performance, and reliability perspectives. Communications in an IoT infrastructure are managed by a set of policies which are determined by Objective Functions (OFs). Thus, OFs are the most important contributors in facing with the mentioned challenges. In this paper, due to the lack of information on how OFs affect the primary properties of an IoT infrastructure, we have compared three well-known OFs (OF0, MRHOF, and OFFL) from power consumption, performance, and... 

This paper presents a new technique for almost sure asymptotic state tracking, stability and reference tracking of nonlinear dynamic systems by remote controller over the packet erasure channel, which is an abstract model for transmission via WiFi and the Internet. By implementing a suitable linearization method, a proper encoder and decoder are presented for tracking the state trajectory of nonlinear systems at the end of communication link when the measurements are sent through the packet erasure channel. Then, a controller for reference tracking of the system is designed. In the proposed technique linearization is applied when the error between the states and an estimate of these states... 

User and device biometrics are proven to be a reliable source for authentication, especially for the Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. One of the methods to employ biometric data in authentication are fuzzy extractors (FE) that can extract cryptographically secure and reproducible keys from noisy biometric sources with some entropy loss. It has been shown that one can reliably build an FE based on the learning parity with noise (LPN) problem with higher error-tolerance than previous FE schemes. However, the only available LPN-based FE implementation suffers from extreme resource demands that are not practical for IoT devices. This article proposes a lightweight hardware/software (HW/SW)... 

While the Internet of Things (IoT) shapes the future of the Internet, communications among nodes must be secured by employing cryptographic schemes such as public-key encryption (PKE). However, classic PKE schemes, such as RSA and elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) suffer from both high complexity and vulnerability to quantum attacks. During the past decade, post-quantum schemes based on the learning with errors (LWEs) problem have gained high attention due to the lower complexity among PKE schemes. In addition to resistance against theoretical (quantum and classic) attacks, every practical implementation of any cryptosystem must also be evaluated against different side-channel attacks such... 

With the exponential growth in the internet of things (IoT) applications such as smart city and e-health, more embedded devices and smart nodes are connected to the network. In order to provide security for such resource-constrained devices, different cryptographic schemes such as public key encryption (PKE) are required. However, considering the high complexity and vulnerability of classic PKE schemes against quantum attacks, it is necessary to consider other possible options. Recently, lattice-based cryptography and especially learning with errors (LWE) have gained high attention due to resistance against quantum attacks and relatively low-complexity operations. During the past decade,... 

In this paper, we propose a light-weight jamming-resistant scheme for the Internet-of-Things (IoT) in 5G networks to ensure high-quality communication in a two-hop cooperative network. In the considered system model, a source communicates with a destination in the presence of an untrusted relay and a powerful multi-Antenna adversary jammer. The untrusted relay is an authorized necessary helper who may wiretap the confidential information. Meanwhile, the jammer is an external attacker who tries to damage both the training and transmission phases. Different from traditional frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) techniques that require a pre-determined pattern between communicating nodes, in... 

Public-key plays a significant role in today's communication over the network. However, current state-of-the-art public-key encryption (PKE) schemes are too complex to be efficiently employed in resource-constrained devices. Moreover, they are vulnerable to quantum attacks and soon will not have the required security. In the last decade, lattice-based cryptography has been a progenitor platform of the post-quantum cryptography (PQC) due to its lower complexity, which makes it more suitable for Internet of Things applications. In this article, we propose an efficient implementation of the binary learning with errors over ring (Ring-BinLWE) on the reduced instruction set computer-five (RISC-V)... 

Energy consumption is an important issue in designing embedded systems and the emerging Internet of Things (IoT). The use of non-volatile memories instead of SRAM in these systems improves their energy consumption since non-volatile memories consume much less leakage power and provide better capacity given the same die area as SRAM. However, this can impose significant performance overhead because the write operation latency of non-volatile memories is more than that of SRAM. In this paper we presented an NVM-based data memory architecture for embedded systems which improves the performance of the system at the cost of a slight energy consumption overhead. The architecture employs... 

This article reports the development of a new smart electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring system, consisting of the related hardware, firmware, and Internet of Things (IoT)-based web service for artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted arrhythmia detection and a complementary Android application for data streaming. The hardware aspect of this article proposes an ultralow power patch sampling ECG data at 256 samples/s with 16-bit resolution. The battery life of the device is two weeks per charging, which alongside the flexible and slim (193.7 mm times62.4 mm times8.6 mm) and lightweight (43 g) allows the user to continue real-life activities while the real-time monitoring is being done without... 

Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices have a strict necessity for power consumption to achieve the expected battery life. Therefore, measuring and optimizing the energy consumption of IoT nodes are essential. IoT nodes feature extreme current consumption range over 100 dB between their operating modes. The main focus of this article is to design and implement a low-power and low-cost current measurement circuit, which can be integrated into IoT nodes. A new pass element is introduced for measuring the current consumption. This element is placed in the current path to measure current over a high dynamic range with a constant voltage drop. The introduced pass element consists of a capacitor and... 

Internet of Things (IoT) devices have strict necessity for power consumption in order to achieve expected battery life. IoT nodes feature extreme power consumption range over 100 dB, between their operating modes. The main focus of this paper is to design and implement a high precision, high dynamic range, low power, and flexible power measurement system, which can be applied to different applications. The proposed system consists of a voltage regulating control loop, zero offset amplifiers, high precision analog to digital converters, and reference voltage. The proper operation of the proposed circuit are verified numerically with simulations and experimental measurements. The implemented... 

The cloud manufacturing (C-Manufacturing) paradigm, as an advanced form of networked manufacturing, has recently been proposed based on a combination of existing manufacturing systems and emerging technologies, such as cloud computing, virtual manufacturing, agile manufacturing, manufacturing grid, Internet-of-things (IOT), and service-oriented technologies. In this study, through investigating the main goals of C-Manufacturing and today's hyper-competitive global marketplace circumstances, a prospective conceptual model called cloud-based global supply chain (CBGSC) has been developed which can overcome or mitigate the issues and risks associated with supply chain processes on a global... 

Due to their impressive advantages, Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) systems are ubiquitously found in various novel applications. These applications are usually in need of quick and accurate authentication or identification. In many cases, it has been shown that if such systems are not properly designed, an adversary can cause security and privacy concerns for end-users. In order to deal with these concerns, impressive endeavors have been made which have resulted in various RFID authentications being proposed. In this study, we analyze three lightweight RFID authentication protocols proposed in Wireless Personal Communications (2014), Computers & Security (2015) and Wireless Networks...