Sharif Digital Repository

Cell lysis, as the first procedure of cell pretreatment, is a process that breaks cell membranes open thereby facilitating access to intracellular substances, such as DNA, proteins, and other components for further analysis to diagnose and treat diseases at early stages. Currently, there are several methods for cell lysis at macroscales. However, the time-consuming and expensive procedures as well as the large scal of the system are the main disadvantages of the systems. Recently, microfluidic systems have attracted considerable attention due to advantages associated with automation, integration and miniaturization of biomedical test protocols. Centrifugal microfluidics (Lab-on-a-Disc) is a... 

Nowadays environmental issues are of great importance and one of the most paramount issues is the quality of water, because clean water is vital to our existence. Besides different methods for water purification, water quality testing is a useful and needful tool. Traditional methods for determination of water quality parameters are mainly expensive, time consuming and require highly trained staff. In this study, we have described a centrifugal microfluidic platform (Lab- on – a- CD) for simultaneous determination of different physical and chemical parameters including Nitrite, Free Chlorine and pH. All of the processes from sample injection to detection are integrated on this low-cost and... 

Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles which are secreted by cells and could be found in all of human biofluids including blood. The size of exosomes is in the range of 30 – 150 nm. And they have a spherical structure with a phospholipid membrane. Exosomes are very important in academic research for the purpose of diagnostic and therapeutic practices because of their protein and nucleic acid contents.In this study a technological system was developed for isolation of circulating exosomes of human whole blood. This system consisted of a collection of microfluidic chips and protocols in order to extract a purified sample of exosomes from whole blood. First, a chip based on centrifugal... 

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction, as one of the most important steps in modern molecular diagnostics, is the process by which DNA is separated from intracellular materials like proteins, membranes, and other materials contained in the cell. Microfluidic technology enables sophisticated, time-consuming and costly experiments with minimal use of raw materials, time and cost and acceptable accuracy. The predominant advantages of centrifugal microfluidic systems are utilizing centrifugal force to generate propulsion without the need for a pump, and eliminating the need for experts to run the system. Various fluidic operations such as valving, mixing, metering, heating, and sample... 

Today, medical science has come to the conclusion that the best time to start treating a disease is in its early stages. Therefore, the topic of early detection has been widely welcomed in scientific circles. Today, one of the safest methods for early detection in medicine is the study of biomarkers. These biomarkers include CTC, cfRNA, cfDNA, Exosome, etc. For instance, in the discussion of early cancer detection, the US Food and Drug Administration has so far identified two biomarkers, cfDNA and CTC, as the safest markers. The cfDNA marker is also widely used not only in the diagnosis of cancer, but also in the field of sex diagnosis and fetal Down syndrome in the first weeks of pregnancy.... 

Centrifugal microfluidic systems due to their unique properties, including the ease of sample transfer, high controllability, the need for samples and reagents in a small volume scale, the possibility of embedding a complete laboratory and modeling a variety of processes on a disk, they have great potential to be used in the field of point of care diagnosis. Such devices can perform several different processes simultaneously and continuously by using inertial and pneumatic forces as well as a complex network of microchannels. The purpose of this research is to design and build a centrifugal microfluidic disc for lysing amniotic stem cells, followed by DNA extraction, in order to detect fetal...