Sharif Digital Repository

Practitioners and researchers working on Software Development Methodologies (SDM) have always sought for ways to raise the degree of flexibility in SDMs, so that methodologies can be adjusted to specific project situations. Methodology Engineering (ME) approaches are being pursued to this aim, giving rise to Situational Method Engineering (SME). As the pivotal phase of software development, Requirements Engineering (RE) has proved essential in SME; however, SME has a long way to go as to its support for specialized RE practices. The RE practices employed in software engineering seem to provide a rich resource for strategies and techniques that can address this issue, if properly attuned to... 

Software Reuse, the use of (pre)existing artifacts to create new systems, can reduce development costs and improve software quality and productivity. With a primary investment, Software Product Line facilitates a systematic reuse of the common parts of an specific domain in developing similar systems of that domain. On the Contrary, Agile Methods who value working software over comprehensive documentations and such investments is not done, lack reuse in developing similar systems. Here the question arises: why do we completely or almost miss such reuse when the only focus is on creating working software? When such investments or additional works like documentation are not done? Is there any... 

Software engineers have long realized that they cannot use existing methodologies for all project situations, as every software development project has its own specific characteristics. Therefore, a branch of software engineering–known as Situational Method Engineering (SME)–has emerged which helps develop bespoke methodologies to fit the specific characteristics of each and every project situation. As in software development, SME too involves rigorous Requirements Engineering (RE), so much so that if requirements elicitation and definition is botched in any way, methodology development will most likely fail as a result. In software engineering, requirements engineering has long been the... 

Dealing with complicated organizational situations in the current competitive and uncertain market requires making the best management decisions at the earliest time possible. As making the best decisions requires the possession of adequate and accurate knowledge, knowledge has become the most valuable asset of organizations. Knowledge Management (KM) spans managing the identification, capture, storage, sharing, usage and creation of knowledge. Using an appropriate Knowledge Management System (KMS) can ensure the provision of essential knowledge for decision making, and can manage the complexity of the competitive market by maintaining and managing the relevant organizational knowledge.... 

A growing number of distributed information systems need to operate in open, dynamic and heterogeneous environments, and are required to adapt themselves to environmental changes in order to satisfy specific design objectives. These self-adaptive systems are inherently complex, mainly due to the complexity of their environments and the effects of dynamic adjustments made to their structure and behavior. Developing such complex systems is still an important challenge insoftware engineering.Agent technology is considered as an appropriate and powerful paradigm for developing complex and dynamic distributed systems. Intelligent/autonomous agents have been proved useful for enhancing flexibility... 

Environmental regulations with respect to the marine diesel emissions have become stricter during recent years, thereby imposing traffic limitations on Iranian ships preventing them to enter emission control areas. Nitrogen oxides (NOx), as one of most important air pollutants, have adverse impacts on public health and ecosystem, so as the ships are the primary source of NOx internationally, the after-treatment system finds more urge to be developed. In this study, a NOx reduction system using non-thermal plasma technology is studied in order to determine its application and efficiency for NOx removal from the exhaust gas of Iranian marine diesel engines. Meanwhile, important factors were... 

Aspect ratio dependant optical properties of silver and gold nanorods is responsible for great attention toward controlling the aspect ratio of this class of the nanostructure for their application in variety of area, such as medical diagnosis, drug delivery, biosensing and treatment. In this research, gold and silver nanorods have been synthesized using chemical reducation and growth based on seed mediated method, which is the newest and one of the best methods with less difficulty for producing silver and gold nanorods. Absorption of the visible light by gold and silver nanorods results in appearing the longitudinal and transverse Plasmon bands in their absorption spectra which is related... 

The history of an Episteme is part of that Episteme. Without understanding the history of Episteme, one cannot get the right understanding of the Episteme. In order to understand the current coordinates of philosophy in Iran (as well as understanding the current state of philosophy in Iran), it must examine the history of its emergence and development. Part of the sources of recognition of this history is the “Erlbnis” of those who lived the event. Those who have been trying for its birth and development. Some other sources in understanding this history are the previous published works in this area. Another is the educational effort and the establishment and development of the institutions... 

In today’s methodical corporate world, processes have been recognized as valuable organizational knowledge assets. Situational Method Engineering (SME) processes are considered particularly valuable because of their effectiveness in building context-specific software processes for developing efficient software systems; thus, they indirectly affect all software-dependent organizational knowledge assets, including organizational processes. It is therefore logical to deduce that managing SME knowledge would improve the efficiency of both SME and organizational processes. Unfortunately, existing SME processes suffer from weaknesses that are rooted in loss of knowledge within method engineering... 

Due to the expansion of the Internet, web-based systems have rapidly proliferated. Firms, corporations, supermarket chains and governments provide their services through web-based systems, and there are companies that provide web-based services for other companies. Because of this development and expansion, many web-application development methodologies have been developed, and web-development versions of many renowned methodologies are now available. In order to improve the performance of system engineering teams and increase product quality, it has become necessary to construct or adapt software development methodologies in order to fit the specific project at hand. This method of... 

The present thesis has provided more fundamental understanding of granulation rate processes (such as coalescence, attrition and breakage) by investigating the effects of operating parameters on product properties. The studied process was wet granulation carried out in two high shear mixer granulators. Granulation duration, binder mass and impeller speed were considered as operating parameters and granule size distribution (measured by sieving) and granule binder distribution (measured by thermogravimetery method) were regarded as product properties. Experiments were conducted in two analogous cylindrical and conical high shear granulators. The obtained experimental and theoretical results... 

Polychlorobiphenyl compounds are a class of persistent organic pollutants consisting of two biphenyl rings and chlorine substations. Polychlorobiphenyls do not dissolve in water, are very stable at high temperatures, and are considered a good conductor. Due to the mentioned properties in the 1930s and 1940s, these compounds were widely used in various industries such as power plants, Painting industry, Plastics industry, etc. After years of use, these substances have been found to be very dangerous to the health of living organisms and the environment due to their high resistance to decomposition and the ability to accumulate in adipose tissue. Today, although the production and use of these... 

Hayek is one of the most impressive figures of Austrian School of Economics established by Carl Menger. The Thinkers of this school of thought believed that governments should not intervene in the market process. They argued that such interventions would spoil the market performance in resource allocation. Hayek believes that the order which emerges from the market is a spontaneous one; it means no one has designed it, but it has evolutionarily evolved by distinctive agents' actions who had no plan to make it. Hayek's arguments for spontaneous order are based on some epistemological presuppositions such as: "methodological individualism", "methodological subjectivism", "tacit knowledge" and... 

Feyerabend was a philosopher of science that became famous for his purportedly anarchistic view of science and his rejection of the existence of universal methodological rules and rationality of science. Feyerabend’s view of science can be summarize in a few points; 1. On the issue of falsifiability, Feyerabend argues that no theory is ever consistent with all the relevant facts. He sees the use of ad-hoc postulates to save the dominant paradigm as an essential to the progress of science. He claims that scientists frequently depart completely from the scientific method when they use ad-hoc ideas to explain observations that are only later justified by theory. To Feyerabend, ad-hoc... 

The Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD) approach provides a systematic way to identify, modularize, and represent aspects, i.e. crosscutting concerns in software systems. AOSD methods bring a high level of changeability, configurability, and maintainability in the presence of ever-changing users' requirements. Focusing on aspects during early stages of the software development lifecycle has consequently received special attention by many researchers, leading to the advent of numerous AOSD methods. This has accordingly given a relatively high level of maturity to aspect-oriented (AO) processes. Process patterns, on the other hand, have been adopted as suitable mechanisms for defining... 

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has harmful environmental and health effects and appropriate processes are needed to remove them from industrial and indoor environments. In this study, formaldehyde as one of the most toxic VOCs was investigated. Various methods have been developed to remove formaldehyde, however due to the to their low removal efficiencies, secondary pollution, and low energy efficiency, development of alternative methods will be beneficial. In recent years, the use of a combination of non-thermal plasma and catalyst technologies, called plasma-catalytic hybrid reactors, has provided significant results in the fields of chemical synthesis and removal of pollutants. In the... 

Textile industry wastewaters are one of the important sources of environmental contamination because they produce large quantities of highly colored effluents. In recent years, use of advanced oxidation processes by producing highly active and reactive components such as hydroxyl radicals has been proposed. In this study, two oxygenated photocatalytic systems including UV/ZnO and UV/TiO2 were examined for degradation of C.I. reactive orange 16 dye as a typical organic pollutant in textile effluents. A thin gap annular photoreactor was designed and applied for the experiments. The photoreactor provided large surface area exposed to UV light, where in the solution layer renewal on the UV... 

Offering software in the form of web services has gained great popularity due to the evolution of cloud architectures. REpresentational State Transfer (REST) comprises a set of rules and practices that provide simple and comprehensible APIs, clear representational structures, and scalable services for use in web engineering. Due to the simplicity and scalability of the REST architecture, it has become increasingly popular among web-service developers. Among the architectures used in web service design (REST, WSDL, SOAP), REST is the most common; it has significantly changed how systems are developed based on web services. Model-Driven Development (MDD) can facilitate the construction of... 

As software technology has advanced, many related industries, such as game development, have also evolved. Games are not solely used for enjoyment anymore, and their application has expanded to various domains, the most important of which is education. Serious games connect education and enjoyment by achieving pedagogical objectives through gaming. Experience has shown that using this approach for education can be more effective than traditional methods. Serious games have been applied to various areas of education, one of which is software engineering. Software engineering covers a wide span of knowledge, and a range of methods are required for the education to be effective, especially... 

Education has become a crucial issue worldwide, and it needs new techniques and technologies to create and raise interest and motivation towards learning. Serious games are gaining acclaim as viable solutions for enhancing educational processes; Serious games are interactive computer applications that use a challenging and amusing context to transfer a practical skill, knowledge or attitude to their users. Organizations and companies need an effective way for teaching their business processes to their employees. There are many business-related serious games. but few of them focus on business processes, most of which are business-specific and no precise approach is used in their development,...