Sharif Digital Repository

Scale formation is an unpleasant phenomenon that occurs when the mixed fluids are incompatible. The scales damage the reservoir, wellbore and the surface facilities. They reduce the effective fluid path and increase the pressure drop of the system; so it is necessary to study the precipitation thermodynamics of scale formation, and present a trustable method for banning the scales from precipitation. In this project, it has been tried to study the value of precipitated scale due to the mixing of two incompatible waters (Civand and Sea Water). The results of which are compared with the results of a geochemical software named PHREEQC. Then, the performance of hydro chloridric acid as a scale... 

The produced crude oil from the petroleum reservoirs usually has a value of brine (water and salt) this matter can be caused the corrosion of refinery equipment. The large part of this brine creates a stable emulsion with oil, that it couldn't be separated easily. For separation and demulsification of this emulsion, some chemical, mechanical, thermal and electrical methods can be executed. In chemical method, demulsifier materials can be added to water-in-oil emulsion. Different parameters such as properties of oil, type and concentration of demulsifiers, volume factor of water and etc., can affect the efficiency of water-in-oil emulsion separation. In this study, emulsification mechanism,... 

Water flooding is known as a common method to maintain reservoir pressure/enhance oil recovery. The major problem in this process induced from inorganic deposits that caused formation damage around wellbore region. It is due to incompatible nature of injected and formation water which results in permeability reduction and well productivity decrease. Solving this problem is an important issue in the petroleum industry. BaSO4, CaSO4 and SrSO4 are inorganic sediments formed in this process. The physical model of water transport in reservoir and scaling damage due to sediments contains at least two dominant parameters; the kinetics coefficient that specifies the velocity of chemical reaction,... 

At the early stages of production, oil reservoirs may have enough energy to push the oil from the reservoir into the wellbore and subsequently from the wellbore to the surface. When the reservoir energy is too low for the well to flow, or the production rate desired is greater than the reservoir energy can deliver, using some kind of artificial lift method to provide the energy to bring the fluid to the surface, seems to be necessary. Continuous flow gas lift is one of the most common artificial lift methods widely used in the oil industry during which, at appropriate pressure, gas is injected in a suitable depth into the tubing to gasify the oil column, and thus assist the production. Each... 

The rheology of oil well cement (OWC) slurries is generally more complicated than that of conventional cement paste. In order to contend with bottom hole conditions, a number of additives are usually used in the OWC slurries. The objective of this research is to develop a fundamental understanding of the important mechanisms that affect the properties of OWC slurry such as rheological properties, free water, compressive strength and thickening time incorporating various chemical and mineral admixtures. The partial replacement of OWC using different nanoparticle weight percent has been proved to be a promising method. The mechanisms underlying the effects of chemical admixtures on the... 

Intelligent control or management of well or reservoir is a method which is used in order to optimize the production for increasing recovery factor so that the minimum damage or reduction of pressure occurs during production lifetime. Azar oilfield has 17 wells and the production from this field isn't started. Thereupon designing a suitable well completion model and a control algorithm to optimize the production for the first two years of production is necessary and indispensable. For this purpose, by collecting basic information and their analysis (for example pressure, temperature, production rate, the type and amount of produced fluids), designing of downhole installations and modeling... 

Alavand Oil field is located 50 Km away from west of Siri Island and includes DPG and DPH platforms. The production from Alavand field started in 1998 and till now 11 wells have been totally drilled .Since a production peak in 2001, the oil production in Alvand field has decreased. Water cut is increasing and reservoir pressure is decreasing gradually. Considering poor reservoir characteristic of this reservoir, productivity indexes of wells are relatively low. In addition; natural depletion of reservoir caused the wells to be unable to flow naturally and either closed or produce periodically consequently. To increase production and extend the lifetime of Alvand field, it is decided to start... 

In this thesis, three novel geothermal-based ORC systems are proposed to enhance efficiency and to recover the waste heat recovery. The proposed systems are modeled based on basic ORC system (concept 1), ORC system with internal heat exchanger (concept 2), and regenerative ORC system (concept 3). Accordingly, two thermoelectric generators are introduced into the systems to exploit the waste heat of the system. For this purpose, the condenser is replaced by a TEG unit, while the other TEG unit is employed to recover the waste heat of the reinjected geothermal fluid. A comprehensive numerical investigation is conducted to compare the proposed systems from thermodynamic and thermo-economic... 

EOR (oil enhanced recovery) is very important as oil is a nonrenewable resource. Depending on the characteristics of the rock formation, primary production can result in the recovery of up to 20% of the oil originally in the rock. This means that at least 80% of the oil may remain in the rock unless additional technology is used to increase the recovery. Before finding best way to do for EOR, scientists must study properties of different porous media that oil is trapped between its grains. Most of research and studies investigate networks of porous media but this work focused on oil movement through a pore space in porous media lonely not in network by waterflooding. Studying a pore space is... 

One of the newest technologies in order to separate oil from water and also oil wastewater is the axial vortex separator technology (with commercial name of voraxial). In the current project, we analyze one of the voraxial (2000) separator systems types. In the modeling of voraxial system, we utilize a 3D model which is developed on the basis of commercial sample of voraxial 2000 technology, and conduct the solution of particles and fluid with Lagrangian Eulerian approach. Considering the k-ɛ turbulence model and an incompressible flow with the input of 30GPM and rotational velocity of 400RPM was another segment of the project. Due to the largeness of 10µ particles diameter, the Brownian... 

Vibration is one of the major problems in gas and oil pipelines. Vibrations can cause damage to the pipes, supports, valves and other equipment installed in the system. These vibrations can be caused by equipment installed on pipelines like compressors and pumps or by fluid flow in pipes and fixed equipment like connections and valves. This research investigates the dynamic behavior of fluid flow in pipelines in Karanj and Parsi oil fields located in the southern part of Iran. The pipeline is responsible for injecting gas into the field. Excessive vibrations in the system cause repeatable damage which in turn increases the operating and maintenance cost. First, the vibration of pipelines has... 

Chemical dispersants applied to the surface of Persian Gulf during the oil spill in 2010 were more than one million gallons. Following the addition of dispersants, oil mixes below the seawater surface and can be degraded or dissolved into the water column. The aforementioned condition is a perfect opportunity for degradation of organic pollutants using Ultraviolet light emitting diodes Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). These methods are based on activation of oxidants such as persulfate and hydrogen peroxide to generate extremely reactive radicals. Dispersants would increase the degradation rate by providing more active area (homogenous solution) for these radicals. AOPs have shown to... 

In this research various treatment methods of produce water are discussed and categorized in two groups namely; Basic and advance methods. Four basic treatment methods including; hydro cyclone, flotation, settling and membrane filtration and also four advance treatment methods including; nano filtration, ultra filtration, oxidation and adsorption are considered to compare and to select the most proper ones. To compare the treatment methods a multi criteria decision method namely Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied twice to choose the most proper basic and advance treatment methods. The criteria are suggested according to the local conditions of Kharg Island and the similar... 

Wireless sensor networks have many applications one of which in linear structure is used to control pipeline infrastructure. This thesis focuses on the routing of oil, gas, and water pipelines using wireless sensor networks. There are two algorithms one of which is Jump Always (JA) Algorithm and the other one is Redirect Always (RA) Algorithm. There are designed in Linear Structure of wireless sensor networks that are presented with a hierarchical addressing scheme. A Redirect Jump (RJ) routing protocol is our method that is designed for the hierarchical addressing scheme too. The RJ routing protocol has many benefits compared to the two methods (JA and RA). The RJ algorithm can increase the... 

With the decline in oil discoveries during the last decades, it is believed that enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies will play a key role to meet the energy demand in coming years. Polymer flooding has been commonly used worldwide as one of the EOR processes. Literature reviews show that the active water-soluble polymers have a number of limitations related to their surface absorption, undesirable plugging, polymer concentration limitation,expensive, and low thermal, mechanical, bacterial, and salt tolerance. Up to now, five different polymer categories (i.e. polyacrylamide, hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, acrylamidebased resistant copolymers, associative copolymers, and thermoassociative... 

Among chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) methods, polymer flooding has the highest commercial potential. However, the most widely used conventional polymers such as partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) are not applicable for high temperature and high-salinity reservoirs. To overcome above mentioned problems, in this work, a series of water- soluble hydrophobically modified polymers (HMPs) nanostructures comprising styrene (hydrophobic monomer) and acrylamide (hydrophilic monomer) have been produced. The copolymers have been synthesized using inverse miniemulsion synthesis method by adjusting synthesis conditions to optimize solution characteristic of copolymers for applying under... 

One of the most important world issues is environmental constraints regarding the pollutants released by transportation fuels and refinery products, sulfur reduction being one of the most significant objectives. Deep hydrodesulfurization processes result in great sulfur reduction in refinery streams. However, such harsh process conditions increase undesired side reactions and facilitate coke formation as well as affecting the surfaces. More effective alternatives for hard process conditions are highly active and selective hydrodesulfurization catalysts, which enable the process to be performed at milder pressure and reaction conditions. Catalyst bases play a very important role in hydrogen... 

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques are gaining more attention worldwide as the proved oil is declining and the oil price is hiking. Although many giant oil reservoirs around the world were already screened for EOR processes, the main challenges such as low sweep efficiency, costly techniques, possible formation damages, transportation of huge amounts of EOR agents to the fields especially for offshore cases and the lack of analyzing tools in traditional experimental works, hinder the proposed EOR process.It has been shown that recently, nanoparticles are attractive agents to enhance the oil recovery at the laboratory scale.
In this study TiO2 nanoparticles were used to improve...