Sharif Digital Repository

One of the most significant problems of oil regions is salinity of the produced water extracted from the well. Penetrating the produced water through the surrounding environments of the oil well in recent years, plenty of environmental problems, especially agricultural ones have been caused in these areas. According to the increasing trend of water salinity during the time, one of the urgent action in the oil industry of the country should be finding a way to reduce the amount of dissolved salt in the produced water. The purpose to this project has been representing a more appropriate configuration for desalination of the produced water. Therefore, the water sample containing less than 70000... 

Caspian Sea − the largest enclosed body of water on earth − is the subject of one of the world’s most intractable disputes, involving five coastal states of Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan. The conflict over the legal status of this multinational water body emerged after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Since then the parties have been negotiating without reaching an agreement on the ownerships of waters, and the oil and natural gas beneath them. As long as there is no new agreement on how to share the Caspian Sea among the five states, the two old Iran-USSR treaties may continue to govern the Caspian Sea. Based on these treaties, each state’s territorial... 

This research proposes a probabilistic framework for seismic risk analysis of industrial plants of oil infrastructure using reliability methods. The proposed approach integrates multiple probabilistic models and system reliability to quantify the seismic risk of the process plants. A chain of probabilistic seismic hazard and risk models is utilized for the risk analysis. The Monte Carlo sampling method is used to propagate the significant uncertainty in the hazard event, damage to components and its consequences, and the potential losses incurred by process plant. In each sample of the analysis, hazard models simulate the occurrence, magnitude, and rupture area and location of earthquake... 

In this project, combination of PC-SAFT equation of state and friction theory was used for predicting the viscosity of reservoir fluid. Parameters of PC-SAFT and f-theory are available for pure components, but they are not known for oil cuts that are complex hydrocarbon mixtures. To solve this problem, in the first step, existing optimized parameters for PC-SAFT EOS of hydrocarbon mixtures were used and then, parameters of f-theory for mixtures were optimized. To set the parameters, two approaches were studied. The first approach is to obtain a series of empirical correlations that can estimate the parameters of f-theory (in conjunction with PC-SAFT) for oil cuts in terms of their molecular... 

experimental data of crude oil for viscosity are available in limited conditions of temperature and pressure. Therefore, the use of empirical equations and relations to predict it at temperatures and pressures beyond the temperature and pressure of the reservoir is inevitable. In order to reduce the cost of the laboratory, the use of a comprehensive model in this project is considered. For this purpose, using two theories of friction and free volume, the Peng Robinson and PC-SAFT equation of states and genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization are widely used to calculate the viscosity of pure hydrocarbons, binary mixtures of hydrocarbons and crude oil have been used. Obviously, by... 

Crude oil is a key element in world economy and the most widely traded form of energy. Therefore, a clear and effective understanding of crude oil price behavior is of great importance for businesses, governments and policy makers. Taking into account the exhaustible nature of crude oil and impact of monetary policy along with other major drivers of crude oil prices, this paper investigates predictability of oil prices using artificial neural networks. A Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network is developed and trained with historical data from 1980 to 2014 and using mean square error (MSE) for testing data, optimal number of hidden layer neurons is determined. Meanwhile, an economic model... 

Predicting oil prices, especially in exporting countries, will help governments in the policy-making process by obtaining a reliable estimate of oil revenues. The existence of a complex mechanism governing the process of oil price formation has reduced the efficiency of linear models in forecasting and led researchers to use nonlinear intelligent systems to predict oil prices. In this study, after a detailed study of the structure of artificial neural network, two models of neural network GMDH and MLP and ARIMA method have been used to predict oil price. There are important factors in the prediction process with neural networks, and if all these factors are selected correctly; One can expect... 

Determining the time of breakthrough of injected water is important when assessing waterflood in an oil reservoir. Breakthrough time distribution for a passive tracer (for example water) in percolation porous media (near the percolation threshold) gives insights into the dynamic behavior of flow in geometrically complex systems. However, the application of such distribution to realistic two-phase displacements can be done based on scaling of all parameters. Here, we propose two new approaches for scaling of breakthrough time (characteristic times) in two-dimensional flow through percolation porous media. The first is based on the flow geometry, and the second uses the flow parameters of a... 

This thesis has two section. In the first section, this thesis studies the dynamic behavior of daily oil prices and finds strong evidence of GARCH as well as conditional jump behavior. This implies that conditional heter oscedasticity is present and the empirical distribution of oil price changes has heavy tails. Thus, the oil price consider ably sensitive to news and does not settle around along-run trend.In the second section This thesis investigates the out-of-sample value-at-risk (VaR) forecasts in gulf cooperation council stock markets by considering both oil volatilities and the developed GARCH model construction. The em-pirical results indicate that the Oil GARCH model with... 

Water flooding is known as a common method to maintain reservoir pressure/enhance oil recovery. The major problem in this process induced from inorganic deposits that caused formation damage around wellbore region. It is due to incompatible nature of injected and formation water which results in permeability reduction and well productivity decrease. Solving this problem is an important issue in the petroleum industry. BaSO4, CaSO4 and SrSO4 are inorganic sediments formed in this process. The physical model of water transport in reservoir and scaling damage due to sediments contains at least two dominant parameters; the kinetics coefficient that specifies the velocity of chemical reaction,... 

Risk in crude oil price is likely to occur due to changes in global oil demand, capacity of crude oil production and regional crisis. A future contract is the instrument primarily designed to hedge one’s exposure to unwanted risk. Hedging policies often implements through different hedge ratios estimation.
This study examines the performance of several econometrics models namely OLS, GARCH,BEKK,VECM-BEKK for the returns of West Texas Intermediate(WTI) oil spot and futures prices from 3 January 1995 to 31December 2010, to calculate static and daily time varying minimum variance optimal hedge ratios and suggest a crude oil hedge strategy.
We show that hedging effectiveness indicate... 

International co-movements of oil exporting countries macroeconomic aggregates especially in production are different from developed countries counterparts. Between those negative production co-movement of oil exporting and developed countries is most important. In this article we first test this countercyclical co-movement in production and set it as stylized fact. Besides, by studying consumption and investment co-movements, we find other international business cycles stylized facts as well. Then by constructing two country model for oil exporting and developing country pair we present an answer for “why is so?” The model replicates real data well in ordering of the correlations. This... 

In this research, we investigate the role of oil and degree of dependence to it on nexus between financial development and growth volatility. The link between financial development and growthvolatility has been the focus of extensive literature, but no empirical study has been investigated the role of oilin relationship between financial development and growth fluctuations. By using information of 78 developing countries (11 oil exporting and 67 non-oil countries) during 1983-2008, we construct a dynamic model. Difference GMM technique is used to estimate the model. Our findings show that negative impact of financial development on volatility of GDP, Investment and Consumptiongrowth is... 

Undoubtedly, energy is one of the most important components of progress in any country. Despite some existing imagery about the future of human access to new and non-renewable energy sources, it is now safe to say that energy is a limited resource that is becoming increasingly difficult to access over time. Utilizing the experiences of developed countries in the field of optimal management and advancing strategic goals in the field of energy is one of the necessities of the country today. In this dissertation, using the meta-combined method, the experiences of the United States of America, China, Saudi Arabia, Norway, Singapore and India as countries that each have one of the advantages in... 

The rheology of oil well cement (OWC) slurries is generally more complicated than that of conventional cement paste. In order to contend with bottom hole conditions, a number of additives are usually used in the OWC slurries. The objective of this research is to develop a fundamental understanding of the important mechanisms that affect the properties of OWC slurry such as rheological properties, free water, compressive strength and thickening time incorporating various chemical and mineral admixtures. The partial replacement of OWC using different nanoparticle weight percent has been proved to be a promising method. The mechanisms underlying the effects of chemical admixtures on the... 

In the contemporary world, especially after the financial crisis, the importance of financial flow and working capital management for companies has become more important than ever. There have been various ways to meet the financial needs of companies in the past. Financing methods such as giving capital from investors and receiving loan, from the past, to new methods such as supply chain financing, which have been the major part of financing researches since 2005.Conversely, companies interact together to meet the needs of end customers and thus form a supply chain in which the product / service of each company, input and raw material of the company Forms the next. This chain of... 

In this study, simulation of two-phase water-oil compressible flow in naturally fractured reservoirs is studied. The studied reservoir has a 1D and horizontal ge-ometry that its properties such as porosity and permeability are homogeneous.Dual Porosity and Dual Porosity-Dual Permeability models are employed for simulation of reservoir. Reservoir descriptive equations are conservation of mass and momentum. Conservation of momentum equation is simplified by Darcy law and two-phase fluid flow is simulated with Black-oil model. Discretization of equations is done by finite volume method. In order to solve the equations of two-phase compressible fluid flow, the so-called IMPES (Implicit Pressure... 

Gravity drainage is the control mechanism of oil production from fracture reservoirs. The transfer of oil from the upper blocks to the lower blocks occurs through a capillary continuity mechanism or reinfiltration. One of the conditions for capillary continuity, which plays an important role in increasing oil recovery, is the formation of a liquid bridge in the fractures between the blocks. Therefore, quantitative analysis of the critical fracture aperture for the formation and stability of liquid bridges and the formation, growth and stability of flowing liquid droplets from the top block surface are still challenging and important topic in the study of fracture reservoirs. In this study,... 

The produced crude oil from the petroleum reservoirs usually has a value of brine (water and salt) this matter can be caused the corrosion of refinery equipment. The large part of this brine creates a stable emulsion with oil, that it couldn't be separated easily. For separation and demulsification of this emulsion, some chemical, mechanical, thermal and electrical methods can be executed. In chemical method, demulsifier materials can be added to water-in-oil emulsion. Different parameters such as properties of oil, type and concentration of demulsifiers, volume factor of water and etc., can affect the efficiency of water-in-oil emulsion separation. In this study, emulsification mechanism,... 

In recent years, carbon dioxide is used for enhanced oil recovery of heavy oil. Steam Huff and Puff is one of the enhanced oil recovery methods used for heavy oil. In this study liquid CO2 was used as an injecting fluid instead of steam. In this paper a series of experiments were performed to demonstrate the effect of carbon dioxide injection pressure on huff and puff process. The experimental data are used in lab scale model simulated with commercial simulator Eclipse 300 to investigate the effect of soaking time, injection pore volume and rate of injection on the heavy oil recovery. Result of experiments showed that huff and puff process under miscible pressure condition gives the most...