Sharif Digital Repository

As petroleum resources are not steadily distributed in the world and all industries and manufacturing sections are dependent on these resources, petroleum transportation is very important to the extent that availability of these resources occurs in the fastest time and costing the least possible. The objective of this study is to study the petroleum distribution through time in the world and assess its transportation efficacy during 1965-2005 in 173 countries. Collecting information about petroleum distribution between exporting countries to importing ones helped to complete the study data base. Also in this study two transportation networks, sea and land multimodal transportation network... 

Nowadays, the reduction of crude oil quality and the growth of environmental restrictions are the main challenges in oil refineries worldwide. The high demand of lighter refinery products and the shrinking market of the heavy products, highlighted the role of heavy residues conversion technologies.Gasification technology consumes these heavy refinery residues and produces clean syngas. By this way and the integration of gasification with power generation cycles, more value added products such as electrical energy, steam and hydrogen can be provided. For this aim to be achieved, three different scenarios are developed and investigated in this project. The first scenario includes the... 

Crude oil is naturally not applicable to the refining processes to obtain important products. Most of the crude oil refining process produce heavy hydrocarbons that are not used much in the same way. More refineries are looking for a process to remove the heavy components and converts these materials into valuable material. There are different process for upgrading heavy residual oil. One of the main processes in residual upgrading is Delayed Coking. The high flexibility to the different feeds and no need for a catalyst, causing a shift in the approach to the refinery for processing heavy crude oil by Delayed Coking. The aim of this project is calculated the sulfur content and and yield of... 

Demand for the petroleum products is continuously increasing. Crude oil cannot be used as it is extracted, so that, there should be some treatment that may ended up producing heavy hydrocarbons. Therefore, refineries are searching for developing new technologies for upgrading those heavy materials and convert more and more bottom-of-the-barrel into high value distillate. Amongst the different residua upgrading processes, thermal upgrading processes are of the most interest and account for over 60% of total residua processing capacity. In this work, we investigate the effect of different additives in a delayed coking process. We used vacuum distillation residue of Abadan heavy crude oil... 

In this study, desulfurization of petroleum coke has been investigated for use in aluminum industry. To reduce sulfur content in petroleum coke, desulfurization has been investigated by two methods of solvent extraction and molten caustic leaching. The method of molten caustic leaching at temperatures of 400-600 °C has been investigated. Other effective parameters on the desulfurization of petroleum coke are the mass ratio of alkali to feed (petroleum coke) in the range of 0.5-1.5 and the time of 1-3 hour and the mesh size of 200-600 micron. In this study, the conditions of desulfurization of petroleum coke using potassium hydroxide have been investigated. Results show that by using the... 

Nowadays the concept of competition in business has been expanded from enterprises to supply chains. For success in this competitive environment, it should be established complete coordination and synchronization between different rings of the chain in both strategy and operations. The supply chain management is a factor for achieving to this purpose. Effective supply chain management, especially in complex supply chains like petroleum upstream supply chain, requires to strategic factors that propel the chain to the long term goals. Unfortunately, it is showing off the vacancy of attending to this case in the literature. This thesis tries to fill this gap in literature with a new approach... 

Goal of this project was study of local microorganism ability in remediation of hydrocarbon contamination exists in contaminated soil around Sarkhun refinery.In first phase of this study, evaluation of bioremediation performance was done. Using a standard method in a 20 days period, the ability of local microorganism exists in contaminated soil was studied. In this study, 3 different nutrient ratios for 7 samples, 21 experimental samples, were used. Nutrient ratios as C:N:P were: 100:0:0, 100:5:1, and 100:9:1. Results showed that in this remediation period, minimum remediation efficiency in all samples with nutrients is 50% and also the best nutrient ration is 100:5:1. An empirical model was... 

Oil refineries, petrochemical factories and oil platforms produce a large amount of oily wastewater every day. If these wastewaters are released in environment, it can damage soil and water seriously. Although, Biological treatment of oily wastewaters is a well-established method for remediation of these wastes, efficiency of conventional systems such as Activated Sludge, aren’t very high. Also these systems have many problems such as instability during hydraulics shocks and bulking phenomena. the hybrid bioreactor system are designed to increase the efficiency of treatment by allowing greater organic loads, increasing microbial concentration by using attached and suspended bacteria, and... 

Energy system of each country include of extraction, processing, conversion, transportation and distribution levels. Crude oil is one of the energy carrier which has dominant share to meet energy demand in industry and transportation sectors. Therefore, studying of physical properties changes of this energy carrier during production period is obligatory. The goal of this research is to model quality reduction of crude oil during production period of naturally occurring reservoirs. In this research quality of crude oil has been investigated inside of reservoir and after production and the effect of quality changes in before mentioned conditions according to cumulative production of reservoirs... 

Many chemicals exist in the petroleum wastewater, whose disposal into the environment can result in environmental pollutions and serious damages to the ecosystem.Since conventional treatment processes are not sufficient to achieve the water quality requirements, advanced treatment processes are required. In this study, Hybrid Membrane Bioreactor (HMBR), Rotating biological contactor with packing (RBCp) coupled with an external membrane, is used for synthetic petroleum wastewater treatment. Biodegradability of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and that of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) were evaluated and compared for different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) and petroleum pollution... 

Many technologies should be applied for transportation or consumption of natural gas. There are many different ways for transporting natural gas from origin of production to the location of consumption which the simplest way is transportation via pipelines but for transportation of natural gas for long distances, we can not use this method in this way we should apply other technologies such as converting the natural gas to the liquid state. For using this method, first we should liquefy the natural gas up to -162 degree of centigrade at the atmospheric pressure and then transport it with large cargo ships. By using this method, the transportation costs are decreased in compared with the... 

In this study three different methods; hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD), pulsed laser ablation (PLA) and electrochemical deposition were utilized to prepare catalyst thin films or nanoparticles and thermal chemical vapor deposition (TCVD) was used to grow multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). We found that even though the three mentioned techniques have been rarely applied by researchers, they are appropriate and efficient methods to produce catalytic basis for CNT growth. In the TCVD step, liquid petroleum gas (LPG) was applied as carbon source. Although, this gas is a mixture of different hydrocarbons and further contains some sulfur, our results verify that utilizing of LPG... 

The aim of this study is to survey the ability of vortex tube cascade for separating heavy components of a gas mixture. For this purpose, three vortex tubes based on previous experiences have been manufactured. Also, a helical double pipe heat exchanger has been designed and constructed. Because of the vortex tube’s ability in developing thermal separation, the effect of thermophysical parameters like feed’s temperature, inlet and outlet pressure of air on the thermal separation performance were evaluated. The recommended correlations for estimating outlet temperature of hot and cold flows, have been validated against experimental data. Moreover, various arrangements of vortex tubes to... 

Gas pollutants are included volatile inorganic compositions and odorous materials, which are harmful and dangerous for environment and human health. There are several methods for removing gas pollutants such as physical, chemical and biological methods. In this work, we discuss about ethyl-mercaptan adsorption in LPG by ZSM-5 zeolite and in use of micro systems (micro channels). This work is also concerned about micro channel coating by ZSM-5 and NaY zeolites on glass and the method of coating with (3-Chloropropyl) trimethoxysilane linker. After selecting the appropriate method for zeolite coating, we proceed to micro channel coating. In this research, four different designs of micro channel... 

Nowadays a major part of energy, fresh water and sewer water in over the world are transmitted by buried pipe, and always these lines are under the loads and different stresses such as corrosion, earth quick and etc.
In many countries the age of these lines are more than 30 years which causes corrosion of the pipe wall and the necessity of health investigating of transmission lines has a special importance for the governments and leak detection can also keep the natural environment healthyand the costs will come down significantly, scientists and researchers have always tried different ways to check the health of the pipes.
In the field of leak detection and the problems of age... 

In this study, experimental results of Ahvaz produced water treatment obtained in ultrafiltration process using a polymeric membrane formed from Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with 0.2 µm poreshave been reported. In this process the effects of different factors including transmembrane pressure (TMP), cross flow velocity (CFV) and feed temperature on permeate flux, membrane fouling resistance and TOC rejection was investigated. The results show that optimum conditionswere found in the range of TMP: 1.5-3 bar, CFV: 1-1.5 m/s and operating temperature 40°C.Results show that under optimum conditions the final permeate flux for produced water of Asmari outlet of Skimmer unit was 30 L/m2.h, and the... 

Most of residual oil is difficult to displace and recover during water flooding process. One of the most important chemical flooding processes is polymer flooding that can improve microscopic and macroscopic sweep efficiency. Since, a large percent of reservoirs rocks is consisted of the dead ends in which oil remains immobile during water flooding, study of sweep efficiency from dead ends is important to improve oil recovery efficiency. In this study, effects of polymer flooding on oil recovery from dead end in glass micromodel have been studied experimentally and obtained results are compared with those of simulation of polymeric fluids in this micromodel. A correlation has been presented... 

The purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the risks of new contracts for Iranian oil contract IPC response to these risks During the past three decades Public attention on studies related to the risk of spread with great speed So that the review process as an effective and comprehensive common And covers almost all aspects of life. In theory, any contract associated with the degree of risk. Risks cannot be completely eliminated therefore; scientific approach to the problem of risk is nothing Apart from its management. With the development of the oil and gas industry, identify and manage risk is also of special importance in regulating international oil contracts and has been... 

A brass vortex tube (VT) with changeable parts is used to investigate the effect of nozzle intakes number and diameter, distance between cold end orifice and nozzle intakes, cold end orifice diameter, main tube length and diameter on inlet, cold and hot exit temperature difference, isentropic efficiency and Coefficient of Performance. A series of experiments conducted to investigate the inlet pressure and cold fraction effect on VT performance and an optimum amount for this parameter is found. The separation performances of a VT for a hydrocarbon mixture is also investigated. Effects of nozzle intakes number and cold fraction on the gas species separation at specific inlet pressure in a VT... 

The Oil and gas industry is one of the most important industries in the world. It has great role in Iran’s economy also. Regarding complexities of new companies, there is room for more cooperation and coordination within the industry and with other actors. Oil and gas niches have close interdependency with financial sector. The new encrypted currencies play great role in new financial models. Blockchain technology can help the oil and gas industry by using its appropriate features. Blockchain is a system of recording information in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to change, hack, or cheat the system. The supply chain of oil and gas industry in Iran includes upstream, midstream...