Sharif Digital Repository

Microstructure and mechanical properties developments of X80 weld metal by addition of different amounts of alloying elements such as: Nickel and Manganese in coated electrodes were investigated. For this reason samples were welded by electrodes that Ni value has been changed between 0.8%- 3.2% in tow critical amounts of Mn: 0.7 and 1.6. The weld quality was evaluated using nondestructive testing methods (NDT), such as visual inspection and radiography. Tensile test, Charpy impact test and microhardness results indicated the suitable range of Ni and Mn for achieving acceptable mechanical properties. In addition, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied to link... 

The development of natural gas supply systems and its transmission networks are vitally important to achieve a natural gas economy. Development and planning of natural gas transmission networks as multidisciplinary projects have crucial impact on the economy of gas-rich countries like Iran. The nvestment costs and operation expenses of pipeline networks are so large that even small improvements in system utilization and planning can involve substantial amounts of money. A large number of technological options exist for development in conversion, distribution levels and …, which cause various pathways for supplying natural gas. In addition there are many energy recovery technologies along... 

The intermediary between Consumer and market of Natural gas is long transportation pipeline. Analysis of different dimension is a prerequisite for constructing these infrastructures. This study has been done in the fields of economics, environment and energy security. The proposed pipeline, which is called Islamic pipeline, passes through different countries, Iraq, Syria, Greece and Italy. It carries natural gas and feeds Europe gas requirements, also passes the Mediterranean Sea, which includes underwater pipe-laying technology that has been considered. Economic analysis of this project calculated, using Cost-Benefit analysis. Environmental issues has been identified and classified,... 

It is very important to determine why there is still external corrosion on pipelines even though NACE RP0169 criteria are satisfied. The cathodic shielding problem is the most relevant finding to this kind of situation. In this research, the shielding behavior of three types of coatings (FBE, 3LPE and Polyurethane) used in Iranian gas industries are evaluated under laboratory condition by four major procedures. It has been found out that the FBE coating has no shielding effect and instead 3LPE coating has a shielding effect by not allowing electrical conductivity through the coating. Finally, the Polyurethane coating presented a mid-behavior effect but almost near to non-shielding behavior.... 

Compression systems are widely used in industry. Dynamic Modeling is a necessary step in design procedure of a safe compression system. A dynamic model should be adequate and simulate dominant elements of system. One important element of industrial compression systems is downstream pipelines. In this work, a dynamic model including pipeline acoustics is developed. It is accepted that changes of working gas molecular weight can cause inception of instabilities in compression systems. The dynamic model used to study mechanisms of these instabilities. A conventional control system is modeled and tuned for the compression system. The ability of this control system to prevent such instabilities... 

Microbiologically influenced corrosion has substantial role in degradation of steel pipelines. It is believed that 20% of total corrosion damages are related to microbial corrosion. The most important micro-organisms which affect this type of corrosion are Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB). Although many studies have been done on the effect of SRB on corrosion of buried steel pipelines, no decisive and identical thought has been made so far. In the present study, the role of SRB on corrosion of API 5L X65 steel in different conditions was investigated by performing weight loss, linear polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction tests. Experiments were... 

High speed data converters are very often used in telecommunication systems. Since these systems are increasingly used in mobile form reducing the power consumption in these circuits is of great importance. The goal of this project was to design a pipeline 10 bit converter for a sample rate of 40 M sample/s with a power consumption of 20mW for the input level of 1Vp-p and a 1V power supply in 0.13μm CMOS technology. To reach these goals a number of low-power techniques are proposed in various levels of abstraction. In system level, the sampling and feedback capacitors, as well as the stage resolution of the ADC is optimized analytically which leads to simple back-envelope formulas to... 

High speed data converters are very often used in telecommunication systems. Since these systems are increasingly used in mobile form reducing the power consumption in these circuits is of great importance. The goal of this project was to design a pipeline 10 bit converter for a sample rate of 500 M sample/s with a power consumption of 50mW for the input level of 1Vp-p and a 1.5V power supply in 0.18μm CMOS technology. To reach these goals a number of low-power techniques are proposed in various levels of abstraction. In system level, the sampling and feedback capacitors, as well as the stage resolution of the ADC is optimized .And to... 

High resolution and low power analog to digital converters are used in wireless communication receivers, Sensor Networks and Medical Instrumentations. Reducing power consumption at a high conversion rate is one of the most basic challenges for these converters. Pipelined SAR structure is considered for 40-50 MS/s and 10-12 bits, and is of interest because of consuming low power and using a small area. Besides using Pipelined SAR structure, circuit level and system level modifications are also proposed to decrease the power consumption. The ADC is designed in 0.18µm CMOS technology with 1.2v supply voltage. The results show 4.5mW power consumption, when ENOB is 11.04bit, which is very low... 

With the rapid development of wireless communication standards, the co-existence of multiple standards in a single chip becomes inevitable. It is also fueling interest in analog to digital converters (ADCs) that are reconfigurable over a wide range of bandwidths and resolutions with adaptive power consumption. Employing such ADCs rather than using multiple individually power-optimized ADCs results in a great reduction of silicon area. Hence, a reconfigurable ADC can reduce time to market, and save costs.
This thesis addresses the challenges exists in conventional reconfigurable methods, and presents a novel reconfiguration methodology for changing resolution in pipeline ADCs. The... 

High speed data converter are very often used in telecommunication systems. Since these systems are increasingly used in mobile foem reducing the power consumption in these circuits is of great importance. The goal of this project was to design a pipeline 10 bit converter for a sample rate 200MS/s with a power consumption of 35 mW for the input level of 1Vp-p and a 1.8V power supply in 0.18um CMOS technology.
To reach these goals, a number of low power techniqes are proposed in various levels of abstraction. In system level, the sampling and feedback capacitors is optimized analytically which leads to simple back-envelope formulas to calculate the optimum values. In circuit level, a... 

Wireless sensor networks have many applications one of which in linear structure is used to control pipeline infrastructure. This thesis focuses on the routing of oil, gas, and water pipelines using wireless sensor networks. There are two algorithms one of which is Jump Always (JA) Algorithm and the other one is Redirect Always (RA) Algorithm. There are designed in Linear Structure of wireless sensor networks that are presented with a hierarchical addressing scheme. A Redirect Jump (RJ) routing protocol is our method that is designed for the hierarchical addressing scheme too. The RJ routing protocol has many benefits compared to the two methods (JA and RA). The RJ algorithm can increase the... 

In this thesis, due to the importance of pressurized structures, method or methods that can be used to monitor the health of important structures, such as pressurized pipes (gas transmission and distribution lines or hydraulic lines), are considered. A key point in monitoring such structures is to ensure the function of pipes, elbows, Tee junctions, composite to composite and composite to metal joints. The topic that will be discussed more than anything else here is to monitor the health of the structure in the presence of cracks in some layers of composite pieces. In fact, it must be recognized before cracking occurs in all layers of composite pieces and causing overall damage to the... 

Asphaltene, known as the heaviest and the most polar component of the crude oil, can precipitate because of the changes in the fluid condition such as pressure, temperature and composition. Asphaltene deposition causes major problems during oil production, in the form of fluid viscosity changes, wellbore damage and fouling in pipelines. The remediation of these problems is very expensive and needs to halt down the crude oil production. The use of electric field has been proposed recently as clean and cheap technique that could also be applied during the production period. In this work, the effect of electric potential on asphaltene precipitation in both static and dynamic modes has been... 

The ever-growing prevalence of gas-fired power plants has paved the way for significant changes in the electrical energy network applications in recent years. As a result, the mutual dependency between natural gas distribution systems and electrical energy distribution systems has been intensified. Thus, the integrated gas and electrical distribution system is faced with notable threats from natural disasters that can lead to disruptions in meeting the critical demands of the consumers as well as high monetary costs. The occurrence of unpredicted natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, and hurricanes affects the performance of energy infrastructures. Given the low possibility of these... 

During recent years the main concern of analog designers is to get the most use of Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools for design procedures.Thus the main purpose of this thesis is to introduce a very fast and precise CAD tool for the design of pipelined analog to digital converters (ADC). This is accomplished by utilizing some simulation and optimization based CAD tools at the same time. In the optimization part, the conventional numerical methods are replaced with the proposed analytical approaches. Also, anew algorithm is used in the simulation part, which makes the monte-carlo simulation to be faster compared to the conventional cases. To verify the accuracy of CAD tool performance, a... 

This project examines four alternatives such as pipelines, oil injection wells, LNG & GTL in the purpose of Iran gas utilization. In this Project four strategies using cost/benefit analysis are examined. For this purpose, at first the cost of inlet feed gas per Mmbtu are calculated. Then regarding various scenarios of average world gas prices for the following thirty years, the cost & benefit of any way will be counted. Then with the use of energy security, the project will make energy policy. For this purpose, Shannon indicator will be used as one of the most reliable indicators. Due to the of use this indicator, the popular project will be chosen accordingly as a certain amount of gas the... 

Along with improvement of technology and need for access to energy resources, existence of pipelines such as gas, oil and water pipes is vital for our lives. These pipes will be eroded and damaged over time. With the prediction of the defects and tracking of pipeline paths, the probability of sudden damages is greatly reduced. In this research, at first various non-destructive methods of monitoring the pipelines are investigated and it is shown that the laser method is the most comprehensive and non-destructive inspection method and then the background of the chosen method is examined. Also, the hardware aspect of the system and the proper layout of the laser sensors are determined on the... 

Analog to digital converters with different specifications are widely used in modern electronic circuits. The significant demand on pipeline converters in several low power applications is mainly due to their high speed and high resolution characteristics. Fast and simple design of analog circuits using CAD tools, is highly sought after by integrated circuit designers. In this thesis, pipeline analog to digital converters is studied and a CAD tool is proposed for transistor level design and optimizations. The main advantage of this design in comparison with the previous works is that the yield and power consumption are considered as optimization factors. The module operates in three parts:... 

Nowadays a major part of energy, fresh water and sewer water in over the world are transmitted by buried pipe, and always these lines are under the loads and different stresses such as corrosion, earth quick and etc.
In many countries the age of these lines are more than 30 years which causes corrosion of the pipe wall and the necessity of health investigating of transmission lines has a special importance for the governments and leak detection can also keep the natural environment healthyand the costs will come down significantly, scientists and researchers have always tried different ways to check the health of the pipes.
In the field of leak detection and the problems of age...