Sharif Digital Repository

Salt water is desalinated to produce fresh water suitable for human consumption or irrigation. Most of desalination methods require consuming large amounts of fossil fuels. Solar distillation is one of the best techniques from another available techniques for desalinating in small-scale brackish water. The main problem of these systems is the low rate of water production.Single basin solar still is a very simple solar device used for converting available brackish or waste water into potable water. This device can be fabricated easily with locally available materials. The maintenance is also cheap and no skilled labor is required. It can be a suitable solution to solve drinking water problem.... 

Since oil prices continue to increase, energy conservation remains the prime industrial concern. Existing processes in power plants and oil refineries are not energy efficient as they should be therefore new projects can be defined to increase the energy efficiency without incurring any cost. The most appropriate utility for the processes should be explored to reduce emissions, increase the plant capacities and improve product qualities and energy efficiencies by one coherent strategic plan for the overall site which can be achieved by a full understanding of pinch technology and awareness of the available tools for applying it in practical way. Since the distillation unit of crude oil... 

The main objective of this project is to take the first steps in designing power plants governor in Iran. In this work, we obtain a realistic model of a hydro-power plant including hydraulic characteristics from the dam to the outlet tail water, mechanically including: the turbine, the gates and all mechanical and dynamic parts, and electrically including generators, transformers and the consumption network. The model is used to simulate different working modes of turbine operation. The Bond Graph method is used for deriving the system equations and MATLAB software for simulations. A conceptual design of the governor is done and the governor model is combined with the turbine model. Using... 

Vulnerability of water and sewage infrastructure in Kish Island survey versus natural and unnatural threats. It is important to know what to do when crisis or unpredicted event occurs in the Island. Decision makers and master managers of the Island, as the main custodians make suitable and effective reactions and decisions so that the impact of threats is reduced to minimum. According to the threats, there are short term and long term solutions. These solutions can be applied when the Island is encountered with crisis  

From the main factors causing an unpleasant odor can refer to indoles, askatels, mercaptans, some volatile organic compounds, sulfide hydrogen, ammonia, and the number of odor-causing compounds, which are also found in the wastewater facilities and sometimes produce unpleasant odors. Meanwhile, ammonia (Pungent and irritating odor) and sulfide hydrogen (colorless poisonous gas with the odor of rotten eggs) can be presented as major factors in sewage odor.
Several factors are involved in the foul-smelling hydrogen sulfide gas collection system and wastewater treatment. A few of them include numerous sewage pumping stations, selected the appropriate gradient in the collection system,... 

In a nuclear power plant, transients are initiated for various reasons such as equipment failure or external disturbances. A transient should be identified as quickly as possible so that countermeasures can be taken to reduce its negative consequences. Due to the large number of parameters that can be monitored in nuclear power plants, the time limit for interpreting the information, and the stressful conditions of the incident, it will be very difficult to detect transients by the plant operators. Therefore, the development of operator support tools to identify transients is of great importance in the safe operation of nuclear power plants. Various studies have shown that data-driven... 

Considering the operation of the current nuclear reactors and the country's policy to achieve 10,000 megawatts of nuclear power in the horizon of 1420, in the coming years we will face a huge amount of radioactive waste, the majority of which is waste with low and intermediate levels of radioactivity (LILW). A large percentage of the radioactive waste production in Bushehr power plant is concentrated waste with a low and intermediate level of radioactivity (about 70% by volume). Due to the commisining of phase 2 and 3 of Bushehr power plant in the coming years and the increase in the radioactive waste production, proper planning should be done for waste management in order to reduce the... 

Static security of the power grid means the ability of the power system to withstand against unwanted events, in such a way that it remains in its safe state and operates within the acceptable range of its operation. Considering the importance of renewable energies and the increasing need for the presence of renewable sources of electrical energy production, this research investigates the location and the optimal capacity of grid-connected photovoltaic(PV) power plants as the most important renewable source of electric energy production, with emphasis on preserving static security of the System. PV power plants are considered to have a high penetration rate in the network, and the static... 

In nuclear power plants (NPPs), the integrity of the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) is one of the most essential issues in assessing the life of the NPPs. The RPV in a nuclear power plant cannot be replaced during plant life. Hence, maintaining the integrity of the RPV nuclear power plant is of great importance. In this study, the RPV integrity of Boshehr Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP) gainst crack formation and growth in the case of LBLOCA is evaluated and studied by the finite element method (FEM) in ABAQUS using the J-Integral method and also the weight function, which is a function of crack shape. According to the results, stress values increased significantly during the LBLOCA incident. The... 

In nuclear power plants, the fission reaction takes place inside the fuel rods, and the heat generated inside the fuel rods is transferred through the clad wall to the cooling fluid, which is single-phase, subcooled and in the turbulence zone. In the hot channel of the reactor core, where the axial and radial heat flux reaches its maximum state, the fluid leaves the single-phase state and some steam is formed in the area close to the clad wall.Therefore, in some cases, in the hot channel, the steam near the clad wall may reach a point that reduces the heat transfer coefficient, rapidly increases the wall temperature and thus destroys or melts the sheath surface. If this happens, it means... 

Preserving and promoting the health of citizens in a society is one of the most important problems addressed in any country. The power sector discharges a huge volume of carbon dioxide which intensifies the climate change and consequent human health problems.The goal of this study is to evaluate the ultimate effect of climate change caused by power plant emissions on the human health using life cycle analysis approach for different provinces in Iran. An integrated model has been developed to evaluate the impact of climate change due to power plant emissions on the human health. This model includes the equations regarding the variations in carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere,... 

The purpose of this study is to develop a simulated model of a greenhouse using two different ventilation systems, a fan&pad system and an air-soil converter equipped with a sprinkler in order to compare the cooling performance of these two systems in hot seasons. The main focus of the analysis of the results is on how the temperature and humidity are distributed throughout the greenhouse space. In order to develop a three-dimensional model with computational fluid dynamics method, greenhouse simulation in Ansis software has been used. The development of ventilation model in the greenhouse is done by creating boundary conditions using optimal design. Also, to simulate soil-air conditioning... 

In this study, the reconstruction of the neutron noise source in the core of the VVER-1000 reactor was carried out using fuzzy neural network and parallel processing of parallel process circuit design. The noise of power reactors is derived from neutron fluctuations. Which are affected by fluctuations in reactor characteristics. These oscillations can be caused by the displacement of the elements forming the core or due to changes in temperature or density and so on. It is clear that any change in the elements of a reactor will make itself a change in the corresponding to cross-section of material. These changes called as pertubation. In this project, by using neuro-fuzzy network... 

Storage of the spent nuclear fuels is one of the topics of interest in recent years and many researches have been conducted in this field in order to design storage casks for spent nuclear fuels. In this study, thermal-hydraulic analysis of a dry storage cask for Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant spent nuclear fuels is carried out. Geometry of the analyzed cask is taken from a Russian transportation cask TK-13. Drawing of the geometry is achieved with SolidWorks and it’s meshing is completed in Gambit. 3 different cases were considered for cask’s geometry and design: cask without spacers inside, cask with spacers inside, and cask with spacers inside and fins on the outside surface of the cask.... 

The main purpose of this research is to select a suitable solution for regeneration of ion exchange resins of TR system of Bushehr nuclear power plant and also to compare and evaluate the possibility of using industrial cationic resin (Amberlite IR120) instead of nuclear grade cationic resin (Amberlite IRN97).First, different solutions for regeneration of cationic resins were investigated. For this purpose, three strong acids including hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and nitric acid (HNO3) were selected and each of these acids was tested in two different concentrations and two different linear velocities; Also, to evaluate the appropriate solution for anionic resin... 

Improper management and inefficient methods such as direct disposal to the environment to stabilize municipal solid waste and sewage sludge in addition to creating environmental problems due to the existence of food cycles, will also cause problems on human health. In this study, a hybrid system is modeled to produce value added in the form of energy and nutrients from a combination of food waste and secondary sewage sludge. This system has 3 subsystems, two-stage anaerobic digestion process that will be accompanied by the production of your bios (hydrogen + methane), the process of recovery of phosphorus from the sludge out of the digestion process and the system of simultaneous production... 

The widespread use of nuclear energy leads to obtain detailed information, such as neutron flux distribution (power) which is very effective in designing and evaluating the reactor safety. The neutron flux (power) reconstruction method uses the homogeneous flux distribution and the heterogeneous form function in a fuel assembly to calculate the heterogeneous power in the fuel rods. Therefore, this method has been widely developed in the last two decades. This study investigates to calculate two-dimensional and two-group neutron flux (power) in the fuel rod for both quadrilateral and hexagonal geometry related to core results by using nodal method. To achieve a more complete program and join... 

Sensors are one of the most vital instruments in Nuclear Power Plants (NPP), and operators and safety systems monitor various parts of the NPP and control transients by analyzing the values reported by the sensors. Failure to detect malfunctions or anomalies in them would lead to catastrophic consequences. A new approach based on thermo-hydraulic simulation by RELAP5 code and Feed-Forward Neural Networks (FFNN) is given to detect faulty sensors and estimate their correct value which are two main objectives of the current study. This approach consists of two main parts; The first part, Fault Detection Hyper Block (FDHB), responsible for detecting faulty sensors, and the second part,... 

Secondary circuit “feed and bleed” strategy is considered as as the severe accident management strategy with the goals of heat removal from the primary circuit to the secondary one, steam condensing in the primary circuit, natural circulation recovery by the primary circuit loops or return of water from the pressurizer to the primary circuit loops and wetting the core fuel elements In this study, a proposed solution was presented and analyzed for implementing the strategy of feed and bleed the Bushehr NPP secondary circuit during station blackout. For this purpose, first, the design information of the primary and secondary circuit of the Bushehr NPP and its working conditions at full power... 

Today, due to increasing electricity consumption and demand, the use of conventional systems such as thermal, hydro and nuclear power plants is not enough to convert energy. Over the past century, scientists have sought to discover new technologies for exploiting different forms of energy and converting them into high-efficiency electrical energy. One of these ways is to use the phenomenon of magnetohydrodynamics (magnetic fluid dynamics) to convert thermal energy directly into electrical energy. Magnetohydrodynamics is a theoretical field that studies the dynamics of fluids with electrical conductivity. Induction magneto-hydrodynamic generators use ionized hot plasma (a quasi-neutral gas of...