Sharif Digital Repository

Existing real-time pricing (RTP) schemes charge the whole customer's consumption at one highly volatile time varying price, which, in turn, imposes financial risk to participating customers. This paper presents a two-part RTP scheme aiming at efficient distribution system operation while mitigating customers' risk level imposed by volatile RTP prices. Our proposed RTP scheme offers two different RTP price signals. The first RTP price signal is used to charge customer's consumption up to its customer baseline load (CBL) which presents customer's consumption in the absence of RTP signals. The second RTP price signal is announced a day ahead of the actual operation, and can be updated in real... 

Noise population is one of the most important environmental pollution cases that cause some troubles for inhabitants and employees in city limit and it is seriously considered as a hygienic risky case and even immunity in the world (Abaspour, 1992).The population of khoramabad city as Lorestan state capital has been 305590, on the basis of population estimate in 2003. It has three-city area and it is located at north-southern corridor of country (management and planning organization of Lorestan province 2004).The matter lead to great bulk of jam that pass through the passageway and linking line that cross through khoramabad city and caused diffusion of many kinds of pollution specially noise... 

Wind generation is one of the most successful sources of renewable energy for the production of electrical energy. The technical characteristics of wind generation make existing conventional generation models not directly applicable. This paper presents an analytical method for the reliability assessment of the flat-rated wind turbine generation systems. An example of flat rating is that of the MOD-2, a second-generation class of wind turbines. The power-velocity characteristic of the flat-rated wind turbines is employed in this paper to model the operating behavior of the installed wind turbine generators. For wind-power potential estimation, the Weibull distribution model is used. The... 

This paper presents a new model to short-term prediction of air pollution using a new structure is based on the intelligent neural networks. A new structure known as Time Delay Cerebellar Model Arithmetic Computer (TD-CMAC), an extension to the CMAC, it requires fewer memory sizes. The new model is demonstrated and validated with three primary air pollutants known as carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2). The simulation results for the half an hour ahead-prediction of the air pollutant data set show that the suggested new model is suitable for our purpose  

This paper provides a general methodology for evaluating the reliability of microgrids embedding conventional and renewable energy sources (RESs), as well as energy storage systems (ESSs). The developed reliability assessment model is then leveraged to investigate the impact of different resource scheduling methods on the reliability. The technique applied in this article to assess microgrid reliability is based on the sequential Monte Carlo simulation. In this approach, the coincidence of faults is considered, aside from the annual generation pattern of RESs, i.e., wind and photovoltaic, and the network load profiles. For the sake of considering priority of the microgrid loads, two... 

In this paper, the effect of wind power generation on power system reliability is investigated. Furthermore, reliability improvement of power system using integrated battery energy storage system and wind farm will be evaluated. Growing demand for electrical energy, gradual diminishing of fossil fuel resources and environmental pollution due to continuous exploitation of them, have led to inevitable change of energy sources in power generation. Due to the random nature of wind speed, the power output of a wind farm is fluctuating; as a result, it does not have a proper control capability. The growing penetration of wind power generation in power system could cause various problems in... 

In this paper, we propose the first interrelated power and latency mathematical model for the Networks-on-Chip (NoC) architecture with mesh topology. Through an analytical approach, we show the importance of tile selection in which the hot (frequently accessed) IP core is mapped. Taking into account the effect of blocking in both power and latency models, causes the estimated values to be more accurate. Simulation results confirm the reasonable accuracy of the proposed model. The major output of the model which is the average energy consumption per cycle in the whole network is the efficacious parameter that is most important and must be used by NoC designers. © Springer-Verlag Berlin... 

Background noise level in buildings is an important issue which can affect task or perception of people. Tangency rating methods like NC, PNC and NR give little indication of the sound quality but criterions such as NCB, RC and RC Mark II are able to assess sound quality. Therefore, the goal of this article was to evaluate background sound quality through determination of NCB in different parts of the Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Campus, Tehran, Iran. Background noise level in 40 spaces was measured through octave band frequency analysis in summer and winter. The results indicated that none of the spaces had balanced noise level. In addition NCB rating in the majority of... 

Accurate modeling of runoff in watersheds requires calibration and uncertainty analysis of effective flow parameters and identifying of their statistical characteristics based on inter-parameter relationships and model inputs. In this research, the transport and diffusion of pollution (nutrients) in the river were simulated through the two-dimensional finite-volume method using the shallow water equations. To numerically solve these equations, the governing equations were converted into linear equations. Uncertainty and sensitivity of the prepared pollution model were analyzed to achieve better results in estimating pollution concentrations in rivers within a reliable range. In this study,... 

Increasing rate of renewable energy sources (RESs) integration in the distribution system and development of multi-microgrids (MMG) structures have changed the operational condition of power grids. In this context, the stochastic and intermittent nature of the RESs has increased the need for ramp up power to balance the supply and demand when electricity generation of these resources drops. Moreover, bulk power generation units, which conventionally have the possibility to provide flexibility ramp, would face lack of financial justification for expansion and operation in a system with high rate penetration of RESs. Therefore, distribution system operators (DSOs) should rely on local... 

Increasing the integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) inspired by environmental and governmental incentives, beside the introduction of multi-agent structure perspective have led to a paradigm shift of operational conditions in distribution systems. In this context, the traditional concept of fit and forget in the distribution grid management would not be efficient in the modern distribution systems and consequently new mechanisms should be developed in order to enable the distribution system operator (DSO) to efficiently manage the grid congestion caused by peak power output of DERs or load demands requests. In this article, the Stackelberg game concept is employed to develop an... 

Emergence of reformation and privatization in energy systems has caused the development of multi-agent distribution systems. In this context, each agent as an independent entity aims to efficiently operate its respective resources; while, the distribution network operator (DNO) strives to control the grid in an efficient and reliable manner. Respectively, in case of failure incidences in the grid, DNO should address the economic losses as well as reliability concerns of the agents. Consequently, this paper intends to organize a framework that enables the DNO in order to incentivize the cooperation of agents to alleviate operational effects of the contingency condition. Accordingly, DNO... 

In this research, a site selection method for wind-compressed air energy storage (wind-CAES) power plants was developed and Iran was selected as a case study for modeling. The parameters delineated criteria for potential wind development localities for wind-CAES power plant sites. One important consequence of this research was the identification of the wind energy potential for wind-CAES sites. The theoretical wind energy potential of Iran of greater than 50 W/m2 was identified from a wind atlas of Iran. The model produced factor maps by considering the boundary conditions of the input data and created geo-databases from the outputs maps. The main factor maps were electrical grids and... 

In this paper we have studied both DC size effect and anomalous skin effect caused by surface and grain boundary scattering on the resistivity of Cu thin films by a Monte Carlo method. Contribution of each scattering mechanism and the interaction between them are analyzed separately. A simple and fast numerical recursive method is also introduced to guess the structure of electric field and distribution of current inside the thin film to evaluate the surface resistance instead of complicated analytical formulas  

The main objective of the current study is to investigate the impacts of environmental evolutions at global scale on Iran's environmental planning. Thereby, all political movements towards solving environmental issues in Iran were accurately reviewed to find out the impressibility of the events by the global environmental evolutions. The findings indicated that Iran has joined the conventions and protocols with a time lag. During the period 1948-1993, the mean time lag between holding an international convention until its approval in Iran was eleven years while from 1994 to 2007, the average lag time was shortened to four years. As the results show, attention to environmental issues was... 

The first notable megawatt class wind turbine, which was the pioneer of improvement in the blade performance in large wind turbines, appeared in Vermont. Nowadays, modern wind turbines are using blades with multi-airfoils at different sections. In this study, in order to indicate the best airfoil profile for the optimum performance in different sections of a blade, five popular airfoils, including S8xx, FFA and AH series, were studied. On the large-scale profile, shear stress transport K–ω model was applied for the simulation of horizontal axis wind turbines for different wind speeds. The aerodynamic simulation was accomplished using computational fluid dynamic method, which in turn is based... 

Various urban, industrial, and agricultural pollutions discharge more than river self-purification potential damages river ecosystem and increases water treatment costs. As different decision-makers and stakeholders are involved in the water quality management in river systems, a new bankruptcy form of the game theory is used to resolve the existing conflict of interests related to waste load allocation in downstream river. The river restoration potential can allocate to the conflicting parties with respect to their claims, by using bankruptcy solution methods. In this research, dischargeable pollution loads to Karun River are determined by pollution sources in various scenarios using... 

Dam construction in arid and semiarid regions is generally related to the risk of increased salinity, due to water passage in contact with salty formations. Hence, it is important to take reservoir thermal and salinity stratification into account in operational rules. In the present study, a simulation–optimization model was developed to determine the amount of water release from various outlets to discharge the brine from hypolimnion layer considering the downstream water quality limitations. The most appropriate time, rate, and concentration to release brine were determined based on water consumption conditions and downstream water demand and river ecology characteristics. The proposed... 

Various urban, industrial, and agricultural pollutions discharge more than river self-purification potential damages river ecosystem and increases water treatment costs. As different decision-makers and stakeholders are involved in the water quality management in river systems, a new bankruptcy form of the game theory is used to resolve the existing conflict of interests related to waste load allocation in downstream river. The river restoration potential can allocate to the conflicting parties with respect to their claims, by using bankruptcy solution methods. In this research, dischargeable pollution loads to Karun River are determined by pollution sources in various scenarios using... 

Nowadays, transportation sector consumes about 27 percent of the whole energy in Iran. Therefore, after domestic and business sectors which consume about 40 percent of the whole energy, transportation is placed in the second rank. However, the financial value of transportation is of the highest importance. Moreover, having 55percent of gasoline product consumption transportation has been also ranked as the largest consumer of gasoline products. Gasoline consumption in transport showed an increase until 1979. During 1980-1981, it decreased slightly and from 1982 have had a permanent upward trend. Oil products consumption in transport sector in 1950 has been less than average 15 million...