Sharif Digital Repository

In tis study, 4 approaches were applied for estimating Minimum Miscibility Pressure (MMP). An oil sample from Norooz and Soroosh field has examined by means of association gas of foroozan field and Carbon Dioxide gas in experimental approach.the experimental method used for estimating MMP in Slim-tube. This kind method is applied in industry widely. The results indicate that the MMP of Carbon Dioxide and Norooz field oil is 3538 psi and with Soroosh field oil is 3650psi. the MMP of foroozan associated gas and Norooz field oil is 5643 psi and MMp with this gas and soroosh field oil not estimating  

In this research incorporation of SAPO-34 zeolite filler into polycarbonate membrane was investigated for fabrication of mixed matrix membrane (MMM). The main purpose of addition of zeolite in polymer matrix is to enhance the separation properties of pure membrane by means of the selective pores of SAPO-34. SAPO-34 possesses pores with proper size for separation of CO2 from CH4 by molecular sieving mechanism. Pure polycarbonate membrane and PC/SAPO-34 MMM was prepared by solvent evaporation method using dichloromethane as solvent. Zeolite loading was varied between 5-30%wt. First of all, polycarbonate was characterized by DSC, FTIR and viscometer analysis in order to determine all the... 

In this study, a comprehensive 2D mathematical model has been developed for the simulation of physical and chemical absorption of carbon dioxide in hollow fiber membrane contactors in the presence of nanoparticles. The model were developed by considering molecular diffusion in radial and axial directions as well as non-wetting conditions. Carbon dioxide absorption was simulated from a gas mixture containing carbon dioxide and air, that flows in the shell. Also, absorbent containing nanoparticles flows in tube side and counter currently. Effects of presence of nanoparticles were modeled by taking into account two prominent mechanisms proposed in the literature for mass transfer enhancement in... 

It is believed that the carbon dioxide emissions are likely to be the dominant drivers of climate change over the coming century. Geological sequestration in saline aquifers is a potential technology for mitigating carbon dioxide emission in atmosphere. In this study, computer simulation is combined with experimental design to perform sensitivity analysis and estimation of carbon dioxide sequestration in saline aquifers. For this purpose, horizontal permeability, vertical to horizontal permeability ratio, porosity, depth, pressure gradient, temperature gradient, water salinity, formation thickness, diffusivity coefficient, dip, irreducible water saturation, water Corey exponent, gas Corey... 

Damming projects always have been important while construction, operation and even demolition due to their major effects on society, environment and economy. Although researchers have focused on one or a few phases of construction projects to develop sustainable infrastructures, the research community has to consider long term effects of developments too. There are a variety of such effects that ignoring them will cause construction of not convenient infrastructures i.e. air pollution and over-consumption of energy resources while construction, operation and demolition. Therefore, it is suggested to consider life cycle assessments to include all bad effects in all phases of a project. Dams... 

Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes (SILMs) are fabricated by saturating the pores of a porous support with ionic liquids. To assess the performance of SILMS, it is necessary to obtain data about the properties of ionic liquids such as diffusivity, solubility, and etc. To accomplish this task, in this project the permeability and diffusivity of CO2 and CH4 through three immidazolium-based ionic liquids: [bmim][PF6], [hmim][Tf2N], and "1-methyl-3-(3- tri methoxi silil propyl) imidazolium bis (tri fluoro methyl solphonyl)" , in the temperature range between 27-45 ℃ and pressures within 10-50 kPa, are measured. It is shown in data validation section that the results of this study are in good... 

Supported ionic liquid membranes are prepared by filling the pores of a porous membrane with ionic liquids. Permeability values of carbon dioxide and methane and also selectivity value of CO2⁄CH4 through ionic liquids stabilized on porous alumina membrane supports have been experimentally investigated. We have used [hmim][Tf2N] and two synthesized ionic liquids, 1,6-Di(3-methylimidazolium)hexane bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (h[mim]2[Tf2N]2) and 1,3-Di(3-methylimidazolium)propane bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (pr[mim]2[Tf2N]2) in our research. The experiments have been done in the temperature range of 27–45 ℃ and pressures of 10–50 kPa and the impact of the temperature and pressure... 

Inrecent years,research onionic liquidsarehighly developed. Because ofthe uniqueproperties ofionic liquidssuch asnegligiblevapor pressureandthermalstability for use inlarge areasofmajor industries have been considered.However,ionic liquids because they have lessenvironmental wasteas an alternative to convention alorganic solventssuch asaminesalkanolanarise.Ionic liquid sassolventsfor theremoval ofacid gases such as water and gasare investigated. The solubility of CO2 and H2S in the [Emim] [OTF] (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate) in the temperature range 303.15 to 343.15 K and pressures up to 2 MPa has been studied experimentally. In order to capture modeling, the model equations of state... 

One of the most common methods for enhancing oil recovery is gas injection. Because of greenhouse effect and environmental problems, carbon dioxide can be used as injected gas. Low viscosity and high relative permeability of gas make the gas injection as an ineffective EOR method. Foam injection is a good replacement because its mobility is much higher than gas. Usually surfactants are used as foam generator agent but the generated foam is not so stable. Using nanoparticles can improve foam stability for a longer time. In this research study fly ash particles is used as a new stabilizer agent to improve carbon dioxide foam stability. This particles are made of silica, aluminum, iron …... 

Carbon dioxide photocatalytic reduction is one of the promising methods used to produce a wide range of renewable hydrocarbon fuels using sunlight in the presence of photocatalysts. In this study, a series of Nickel and Bismuth doped titanium dioxide samples were synthesized by Sol-gel method. After performing photocatalytic carbon dioxide recovery experiments and finding the optimum percentage of Nickel and Bismuth doped titanium dioxide,Ni and Bi co-doped TiO2 sample showed the highest photocatalytic activity. Amount of methane production was 21.13 μmol/gcat in the presence of co-doped sample that was about 6.5 times higher than the amount of methane produced in the presence of pure TiO2... 

In this study the kinetics of extraction of various hydrocarbons from crude oil using supercritical CO2 has been studied experimentally. The effect of parameters such as temperature (35, 45, 55, 65 °C), pressure (90, 110, 130, 150 bar), initial volume of crude oil (16, 19, 22, 25 mL) were investigated. Flow rate of gas has been recorded dynamically. QUALITECH 4 and MATLAB neural network softwares have been used for designing the experiments and modeling the final results, respectively. Pressure has a direct effect on extraction yield and by increasing it, heavier fractions could be obtained. On the other hand, the effect of temperature is more complicated, by increasing the temperature, the... 

Due to the presence of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in natural gas outlet of wells, it cannot be sent directly to the municipal pipelines. This study was trying to be select and made membranes for separation of CO2 and H2S from methane. Permeability of methane and carbon dioxide gases through the polyurethane membranes were studied. For this purpose, two commercial polyurethane and synthesized polyurethane with different formulations of the compounds that have been studied so far in the literature were used. Synthesized polyurethane and nano-composite membranes were characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier Transfer... 

The increase in CO2 concentration and its effect on ecosystem and global warming make carbon sequestration inevitable for now and future. Ex-situ carbonation of mineral ores is one of the studied sequestration methods. This method is permanent and safe in comparison with others. This process is carried out in four steps and two phases in this dissertation. At the first stage magnesium was extracted from its mineral silicate ore (Mixture of serpentine and olivine) by hydrochloric acid (HCl) and was dissolved in liquid phase as ion. After that the resultant leachate of extraction step was purified from unwanted ions extracted from minerals in two steps by precipitation formed by increasing pH.... 

The supercritical carbon dioxide is applied in many separation processes as solvent. Due to this applicability of carbon dioxide, in this study, it is applied to oil refinery. In order to find the maximum efficiency, the experiment was conducted in the pressure range of 150-210 bar, and the temperature range 35-65 C of temperature. Based on this study, the changes in pressure show strong effect on the efficiency, and when it increases the efficiency increases, too. Despite of the pressure, when the temperature increases at a constant pressure, the density of supercritical carbon dioxide decreases. As a result, its solubility in decreases and the oil viscosity and mass transfer rate from oil... 

Increasing of industrial society's need to refinery's product, high consuming energy in distillation process and pollution product in it cause to researchers investigate about the alternative process for crude oil refinery. At this time, supercritical fluid extraction was regard as a less energy consuming process. The aim of this work was prepare to a computerized model for simulating of crude oil refinery's process. In this work effects of temperature and pressure on the supercritical extraction were investigated. The experiment was done at four temperatures (35, 40, 45, 50°C) and four pressures (100, 120, 140, 160 bar) by supercritical carbon dioxide and obtained samples were analyzed by... 

Due to global warming and its environmental effects caused by increasing greenhouse gases concentration there are various agreement between different countries that forced countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide. In this research, we using a nonlinear model and focusing on Assaluyeh region and identifying the sources of carbon dioxide emissions and the oil reservoir for carbon dioxide injection, we optimize the pipeline network for carbon dioxide transportation.Different values of input pressure, oil prices and carbon tax have been investigated. According to the results in the base case, the profit is equal to 149.28 million USD in year. If carbon tax is... 

With the growing population and the development of human societies, the demand for energy increases. And it is expected that for the next few decades, fossil fuels will continue to be recognized as the main sources of energy supply and used to meet energy demand. One of the biggest disadvantages of fossil fuel consumption is the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, which raises the Earth's temperature and has devastating effects on the climate and the lives of its inhabitants. On the other hand, fossil fuels are recognized as non-renewable sources and their lifespan is only for the next few decades. Today, one of the major concerns of societies, especially in developed... 

The photoreduction of CO2 to produce renewable solar fuel known as artificial photosynthesis attracted a lot of attention during the last two decades due to the global warming issue caused through increasing CO2 and shortage of fossil fuels resources. In this study, in order to enhance photocatalytic process of CO2 under visible light, TiO2-graphene and TiO2-copper nanocomposite utilized. A series of Cu/TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared with various Cu (2, 5 and 8 wt%) and a series of G/TiO2 photocatalysts with different graphene (G) content (5, 20 and 40 wt.%) were prepared and tested for the reduction of CO2. XRD, BET, DRS and TEM analyses employed to characterize the catalyst while the...