Sharif Digital Repository

In the first part, a novel electrochemical sensor based on nanocellulose-carbon nanoparticles (NC–CNPs) nanocomposite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is developed for the analysis of metoclopramide (MCP). The electrochemical behavior of MCP was investigated on the surface of the modified electrode using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Characterization of the surface morphology and properties of NC/CNPs was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Effective experimental variables, such as scan rate, pH of the supporting electrolyte, drop size of the casted modifier suspension and accumulation... 

In the first work, a stable composite film of silver nanoparticles decorated on reduced graphene oxide is easily prepared. The surface morphology of the modified electrode is characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. The electrochemical behavior of TNZ on the surface of the modified electrode is investigated by using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The prepared modified electrode acts as a highly sensitive platform for the voltammetric determination of tinidazole (TNZ). Voltammetric investigations demonstrated that, in comparison to the glassy carbon electrode individually coated with... 

In the first part, a novel electrochemical sensor for clonazepam (CLNP) was fabricated based on immobilizing cellulose nanofibers /carbon nanoparticles (CNFs/CNPs) nanocomposite on glassy carbon electrode (CNFs/CNPs/GCE). The combination of CNFs and CNPs produced a novel kind of structurally uniform and electro-analytically active nanocomposite. The surface morphology of CNFs/CNPs layer deposited onto glassy carbon electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results of the voltammetric investigations showed a considerable enhancement in the cathodic peak current of CLNP (up to 60 times) on the surface of CNFs/CNPs/GCE relative to the bare GCE. Under the optimal... 

In the first work, a novel voltammetric biosensor basedon TiO2-nafion-carbon nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode (TiO2/N/CNP/GCE) was developed for the determination of DBA. The electrochemical performance of the modified electrode was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV), different pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Characterization of the surface morphology and properties of TiO2/N/CNP was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Effective experimental variables, such as scan rate, pH of the supporting electrolyte, drop size of the cast modifier suspension and accumulation... 

In this thesis, in the first part, a promising electrochemical sensor was developed based on a layer by layer process by electropolymerization of pyrrole in the presence of new coccine (NC) as dopant anion on the surface of the CNTs pre-coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The modified electrode was used as a new and sensitive electrochemical sensor for voltammetric determination of sumatriptan (SUM). The results showed a remarkable increase in the anodic peak current of SUM in comparison to the bare GCE. In the second part, the electropolymerization of pyrrole was performed in the presence of Nitrazine Yellow (NY) as a dopant anion on the surface of the electrode precoated with CNTs. The... 

Supercapacitors represent a new class of energy storage devices that have been attracted many researchers in last few years. Graphene with unique properties such as superior electrical conductivity and large specific surface area is one of the most suitable materials in supercapacitor applications. Besides, metal oxides are being used as active compounds in supercapacitors due to their role in redox reactions. In this research, synthesis and characterization of supercapacitor electrodes based on graphene and MnO2 nanostructured materials was studied under different conditions. For this purpose, Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by Hummers’ method and then, it was deposited on a nickel foam... 

Part 1: In the first work, the electrochemical behavior of Ceftriaxone was thoroughly investigated at the surface of a glassy carbon electrode modified with nano-diamond graphite (NDG). The surface morphology and electrochemical properties of thin film modifier are characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. The prepared electrode showed a considerable improvement in the peak current of Ceftriaxone compared to either glassy carbon electrode or nanodiamond (NDs) modified glassy carbon electrode. Under the optimum conditions, the modified electrode showed a wide linear dynamic range of 0.04-10 μM with the detection limit of 10 nM for voltammetric... 

In the present work, edge-functionalaized graphene was used as electrode material and its electrochemical properties were systematically characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Two methods were applied to modify the gold electrode surface. First method was the self assembling process of graphene nanosheets on gold electrode surface. Second method was simply casting specific amounts of graphene suspension on the gold electrode surface. Nyquist plots show decrease of the charge transfer resistance on the electrode surface at both cases. In cyclic voltammetry studies, first electrode shows no significant changes while the second electrode exhibits... 

In our previous work in this laboratory, macrocycle containingO_2 N_2 and O_2 N_3- donor set with various ring size were synthesized. The intraction of macrocyles with [60]fullerene were determined. In this research, we synthesized 22-membered aza-crown macrocycle ligand containing O_4 N_2- donor set and characterized by NMRspectroscopy. The intraction of macrocycle with [60]fullerene were also investigated by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The formation constant was determined applying Benesi--Hildebrand equation. The result has been showed that O_4 N_2 macrocyle had better complexation with [60]fullerene in comparision of O_2 N_3 and O_2 N_2 donor sets. Then, the interaction of O_4 N_2 with... 

This present work is an introduction of a new electrochemical sensor toward the determination of biomolecule. A simple electrodeposition method was employed to construct a thin film modifier of palladium–gold nanoparticles (Pd–AuNPs) decorated multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Morphological characterization of the modified electrode was performed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. This nanostructured film modified electrode effectively exhibited enhanced properties for the detection of ceftazidime (CFZ). The effects of various experimental variables such... 

Fullerenes are molecular solid materials which are composed of 3D closed shell carbon-only structure. As soon as mass production of fullerenes was performed, the synthesis and characterization of endohedral fullerenes having at least one non-carbon element in the hollow fullerene cage, was started (in which about 30 atoms inserted in it so far). Furthermore, because of low efficiency and purity of these nano-particles, nowadays characterization of fullerenes is one of the most important research fields. In this project, we firstly optimized the fullerene production parameters in an arc discharge reactor to reach convenient efficiency. Then, the synthesis of endohedral fullerene by vaporizing... 

This thesis encompasses two parallel, but independent subjects as follow: The first part of the thesis deals with synthesis of bimetallic Ni-Au nanoparticles (Bi Ni-Au), and application of them as electrodes in the methanol fuel cells. The Bi Ni-Au nanoparticles for this purpose were synthesized by controlled reduction of HAuCl3 and NiCl3 in the aqueous medium using NaBH4 as reductant and PVP as stabilizer, and immobilized on the surface of a glassy carbon (GC) electrode by means of Nafion polymer. The obtained electrode then was conditioned in an alkaline solution by cyclic voltammetric method in potential range 100 -700 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl). Physicochemical characterizations of the... 

In our previous work, we have been undertake complexion of new amino phenolic ligand with Fe(III) and Co(II) in order to synthesis LSCF - and LSF - type perovskite inorganic membranes. In this study, the interactions between Co(II) and Fe(III) cations and the mentioned ligands were investigated their by cyclic voltammetry technique. In aqueous solution, it was found that chelate ring size has more prominent effect on the ligand-metal interaction than the related amino acid substitution. Accordingly, the amino phenol substituted... 

At the first part of this thesis, a pyrolitic graphite electrode (PGE) modified with graphite/nanodiamond film (GND) was applied as a sensitive electrochemical sensor for determination and study of electrochemical behavior of tryptophan (Trp) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in aqueous solutions. The results showed that GND caused a remarkable increase in the peak currents so the GND/PGE electrode surface was more sensitive to the concentration of Trp and 5-HTP than the PGE surface. The determination of Trp and 5-HTP were investigated by stripping voltammetry. Experimental parameters such as scan rate, pH, accumulation conditions and amount of the modifier used on the PGE surface were... 

Part 1: A novel modified pyrolytic graphite electrode with nanodiamond/graphite was fabricated. The electrochemical response characteristics of the modified electrode toward the epinephrine (EN) and uric acid (UA) are studied by means of cyclic and linear sweep voltammetry. The structural morphology and thickness of the film was characterized by SEM technique.The prepared electrode shows an excellent catalytic activity in the electrochemical oxidation of EN and UA, leading to remarkable enhancements in the corresponding peak currents and lowering the peak potentials. The prepared modified electrode acts as a highly sensitive sensor for simultaneous determination of EN and UA in the presence... 

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of halids on electrooxidation of silver in alkalie medium. For this case, electrochemical teqniques such as Chronoamperometery (CA) and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) were applied. Characterization of the electrodeposition process is based on quantitative analysis of the potentiostatic current versus time curves. Rate constants of nucleation and growth obtained from the fit of the recorded transients to the generalized equations derived based on Abyaneh and Flischmann model. The conditions that justify the use of the limiting forms of the transient equations for the so-called “ instantaneous” and “ progressive” nucleation processes were... 

The electrochemical oxidation behavior of the anti-inflammatory drug piroxicam was investigated. A carbon nanoparticle (CNP)-chitosan (CS) film-coated graphite electrode (PGE) was fabricated and the electrochemical behaviors of piroxicam on its surface was investigated by the means of cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In comparison to the bare PGE, at the surface of the CNP-CS film modified electrode, the oxidation peak current of piroxicam increased significantly and the peak potential shifted negatively. Consequently, a simple and sensitive electroanalytical method was developed for the determination of piroxicam. The... 

A study of the electro-oxidation and surface reactions of C1 compounds on Ni and Cu electrodes, Ni(111) and Cu (111) has been performed by methods of cyclic voltammetry, BOC-MP and DFT. The diffusion coefficients and activation energies of the electro-oxidation of methanol and formaldehyde in alkaline solution on Ni electrode have been derived. Values around 2.27×10-6 cm2s-1, 1.98×10-5cm2s-1, 12.15 Kcal mol-1 and 11.65 Kcal mol-1 have been obtained respectively. In theoretical study , the elimination of hydrogen from CH3 and CH2 groups has been proposed as a mechanism in surface reactions of methanol and formaldehyde on Ni(111) ... 

There are high attractions in the development of conducting polymer (CP) coatings to improve the electrochemical properties and biocompatibility of electrodes in the area of biosensors. In the first part of this thesis, a new type of modified electrodes, constructing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and polypyrrole is prepared in a layer-by-layer process. In this procedure, the glassy carbon electrode is casted first by a drop suspension of MWCNTs, leading to formation a thin film on its surface. In the second step, electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of tiron (used as doping anion) is performed on the surface of the MWCNTs pre-coated electrode. The modification...