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Smart grids are envisioned to support large penetrations of electrical vehicles driven by economical and environmental signals. Nevertheless, distribution system operators are becoming concerned about distribution congestion that may occur in the network with multiple domestic plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) charging. Therefore, investigating the impacts of high PHEV penetration levels on the performance of distribution networks seems to be essential for system operators and planners. Doing so, in this paper, PHEV characteristics are precisely extracted from valid published reports and surveys. Accordingly, a comprehensive model for investigating the impacts of different PHEV... 

Implementation of various incentive-based and time-based load management strategies has great potential to decrease peak load growth and customer electricity bill cost. In recent years, developments in Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) have provided various environmental and economic advantages. However, high penetration of electric vehicles in to the grid may cause high peak loads at different times of the days. Using advanced metering and automatic chargers makes it possible to optimize the charging cost, and release generation capacities to provide sustainable electricity supply. Using an appropriate encouraging program is a simple way for vehicle owners to manage their energy... 

An accurate thermal model to predict the heat generation in rechargeable batteries is an essential tool for advanced thermal management in high power applications, such as electric vehicles. For such applications, the battery materials' details and cell design are normally not provided. In this work a simple, though accurate, thermal model for batteries has been developed, considering the temperature- and current-dependent overpotential heat generation and State-of-Charge dependent entropy contributions. High power rechargeable Li-ion (7.5 Ah) batteries have been experimentally investigated and the results are used for model verification. It is shown that the State-of-Charge dependent... 

Despite the economic and environmental advantages of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), the increased utilization of PHEVs brings up new concerns for power distribution system decision makers. Impacts of PHEVs on distribution networks, although have been proven to be noticeable, have not been thoroughly investigated for future years. In this paper, a comprehensive model is proposed to study the PHEV impacts on residential distribution systems. In so doing, PHEV fundamental characteristics, i.e., PHEV battery capacity, PHEV state of charge (SOC), and PHEV energy consumption in daily trips, are accurately modeled. As some of these effective characteristics depend on vehicle owner's... 

Plug-In hybrid electric vehicles could be connected to the electrical grid to be recharged. To ease the charging process, one solution could use an on-board charger to charge the electric vehicle battery. This charger should be able to be connected to a conventional outlet for convenience reasons and moreover, it should be a grid friendly charger in order not to pollute the electrical network. Since most of the electric vehicle related projects are at their initial phases, keeping up with the pace and developing new technologies and proposing innovations and concepts will help growing the industry. In this regard, a new integrated bidirectional isolated soft-switched plug-in hybrid electric... 

The emergence and implementation of advanced smart grid technologies will enable enhanced utilization of electric vehicles (EVs) as mobile energy storage devices which can provide system-wide services. With significant penetration of EVs in the near future, the concept, introduced in literature as vehicle to grid (V2G), will be practically possible. The V2G concept eases the integration of renewable energy into power system and gives new force to inevitable move toward power generation by clean energy resources. Therefore utilizing energy storage in EVs is undeniable due to economic and environment benefits. The V2G concept has been the field of many researches in different aspects so far.... 

The front double wishbone suspension parameters are related as a multi-body model. By replacing the new suspension and steering hard points, the performance of the suspension system is studied using CATIA and MSC ADAMS software for modeling and analyzing, respectively. In this case two tests were done, steady state circular test in ADAMS/View and parallel wheel travel in ADAMS/Car. The strut position is directly related to Kingpin inclination angle and scrub radius. The increase the amount of these two parameters has an effect on steering performance in low speed and negative displacement, such as camber, caster and Kingpin inclination angles in negative displacement of wheels. Moreover, the... 

In this paper we proposed a novel inverter to convert a DC voltage to a desired AC voltage. This inverter is designed for variable inductive loads and low output power applications. We proposed a novel simple PWM method which enables the inverter to keep the output current at six times more than the rated output current, without reducing output voltage value. In addition, based on a simple use of resonance in the circuit, the new inverter can raise the output voltage to extremely high amplitude for a relatively short time. These characteristics make the proposed inverter is useful for some industrial applications such as electrical vehicle. The new configuration of the circuit consists of a... 

Although demand response (DR) potentially brings miscellaneous advantages, it is currently faced with challenges in its implementation due to customers' difficulty in manually responding to the time-varying prices. This paper presents an optimal and automatic residential load commitment (LC) framework to achieve the household minimum payment. Problem decision variables are the operating status of responsive appliances and charging/discharging cycles of battery storage and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Storage capability in residential centers provide the customers with this opportunity to not only supply the local demand during the high price hours but also sell the energy back... 

A massive focus has recently been made on demand response (DR) programs, aimed to the electricity price reduction, reliability improvement, and energy efficiency. Basically, DR programs are divided into twofold main categories, namely incentive-based programs and price- or time-based programs. The focus of this paper is on priced-based DR programs including consumer responses to the time differentiated pricing. Home load management (HLM) program is designed to control responsive appliances and charging/discharging cycles of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) by the consumer. Uncertain parameters associated with PHEV, i.e. its departure/travelling time and energy consumption as well as... 

The reliability Studies are done in order to determine the probability of functioning or availability of different engineering systems. These studies can also provide a basis for comparing different structures of a system and can be used as a tool to improve the system design. Also, reliability is an important consideration in the planning, design and operation of transit system. Since the issue of the reliability of electric vehicles has not been sufficiently and seriously evaluated yet, so in this paper, the reliability of the various types of these kinds of vehicles will be discussed and then the reliability indices of them will be compared with each other and with the conventional cars  

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) technology provides one of the most promising solutions to tackle the threatening challenges such as air pollution in urban areas. Dramatic increases in the number of PHEVs could have major impacts on power system operations because of their high electricity demand. From the distribution system operator facet, distribution system congestion during PHEVs charging is an economic and security concern. It is, therefore, necessary to investigate the effects of widespread using of PHEVs on the performance of distribution networks. In this paper, PHEV characteristics are exactly studied and a comprehensive model for investigation of PHEV impacts is achieved.... 

This paper presents a residential energy hub model for a smart multi-carrier energy home consisting of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), combined heat and power (CHP), solar panels, and electrical storage system (ESS). The energy hub inputs are electricity and natural gas that provide electrical and heat demands at the output ports. In this paper, an optimization-based program is proposed to determine the optimal operation mode of the energy hub, to manage the energy consumption of responsive appliances, to schedule charging/discharging of PHEV and the storage system, and to coordinate solar panels operation with household responsive demand in response to day-ahead time-varying tariffs... 

To tackle the air pollution issues, Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) are proposed as an appropriate solution. Charging a large amount of PHEV batteries, if not controlled, would have negative impacts on the distribution system. The control process of charging of these vehicles can be centralized in parking lots that may provide a chance for better coordination than the individual charging in houses. In this paper, an optimization-based approach is proposed to determine the optimum PHEV parking capacities in candidate nodes of the distribution system. In so doing, a profile for charging and discharging of PHEVs is developed in order to flatten the network load profile. Then, this... 

This paper investigates the optimal operation of distribution feeder reconfiguration (DFR) strategy in the smart grids with high penetration of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) and correlated wind power generation. The increased utilization of PEVs in the system with stochastic volatile behavior along with the high penetration of renewable power sources such as wind turbines (WTs) can create new challenges in the system that will affect the DFR strategy greatly. In order to reach the most efficiency from the PEVs, the idea of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is employed in this paper to make a bidirectional power flow (either charging/discharging or idle mode) strategy when providing the main charging... 

As the number of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) increases, so might their issues and impacts on the power system performance. Toward eliminating the negative impacts of PEVs on the power system, installation of a charging controller at customers' homes, which addresses such issues and brings convenience for customers, is fundamentally required in the smart grid era. This paper develops a novel in-home PEV charge/discharge scheduling method that employs vehicle-to-home (V2H) capability to schedule level of charging/discharging at each time slot. In doing so, a household controller minimizes customer payment cost and reliability cost. The proposed charging algorithm not only responds to... 

This paper proposes a novel optimization based home load control (HLC) to manage the operation periods of responsive electrical appliances, determine several recommended operation periods for nonresponsive appliances, and schedule the charge/discharge cycling of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) considering various customer preferences. The customer preferences are in the format of payment cost, interruption cost, and different operational constraints. The projected algorithm is online, in which household appliances are initially scheduled based on the payment cost, and when the home load is interrupted, the scheduling will be updated to minimize customer interruption cost. Due to... 

The electric assist control strategy is one of the well-known methods for managing the power sources of hybrid electric vehicles. Because of the dependence of the electric assist control strategy approach on its parameters, optimization of this strategy can improve its performance, which results in lower fuel consumption and lower emission levels. However, one of the main concerns about optimization of this strategy is its dependence on the driving behaviour. This paper aims to propose a new control strategy based on the electric assist control strategy with a smaller number of control parameters and less dependence on the driving behaviour. This strategy is usable only for vehicles equipped... 

Determining the power ratio of the electric motor to the total power in parallel hybrid electric vehicles is of great importance that has a major impact on electric vehicle performance. The so-called Hybridization Factor is selected based on the desired performance indices of the vehicle. In practice, the effect of hybridization factor is observable on all the main indices of vehicle performance such as maximum speed, gradeability, pollutant emission, fuel consumption, etc. This ratio should be determined considering the desired performance indices and priorities. In this paper, the performance of an example electric vehicle is investigated through simulation results in ADVISOR software... 

One way of more efficiently utilizing the existing gas and electrical infrastructures is to consider them as one integrated system in planning and operation of energy systems. The energy hub framework is adopted to determine a modeling procedure for such multi carrier energy systems. This paper presents a residential energy hub model for a smart home. A residential combined heat and power (CHP) as a cogeneration technology, and a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle are employed in the model. Operation of the hub is optimized through a proposed optimization-based formulation. The objective is to minimize customer payment cost. Solving the problem determines how much of each energy carrier the...