Sharif Digital Repository

In this project a model for the analysis and assessment of gas transit in the Caspian Sea and its effects on the desired benefits of the approach of decision-making, has been developed.
The first comprehensive review of the supply and demand of gas in the world and the countries of the Caspian region and the cast has been affecting world energy developments.After a comprehensive analysis of the status of the gas transit routes from the Caspian region and provided. Then, using the Delphi method and elite views the main criteria related to gas transit and affecting the interests of the countries of the Caspian region to determine the detailed criteria for each main criterion was determined... 

The Middle-East with its enormous fossil fuel resources is considered as one of the most important regions with regard to the future world energy outlook. The region produced more than 32% and 16% of the world oil and gas, respectively, in 2012 and contains more than 48% of proven oil and 43% of proven gas reserves in the world and with 78 years of reserves-to-production ratio (RPR or R/P) has a key role in global energy provision. However, the energy issues in the region are intensifying. For instance, the fossil resources are pushed to the second half of their life time due to massive exploitation which results in change in production processes and raises the need for energy investment, on... 

Different reasons, all structures have inside crack or surface crack when crack growth is more at the frequancy load and it is one of the main factor in the diagnosis of structural life that this sensitivity is much greater aerial parts industry. The aim of this project, designing a new structure for the auxiliary engine compartment of the aircraft with the damage tolerance theory for cargo aircraft within the country are making. In the first stage after reviewing activitation past, the evaluation design rules between each company design its obligations, standards in design and then conceptual plan to make. Then reload force plan to make. At this stage with regard to maneuver the airplane... 

In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of energy price shocks on macroeconomic variables, particularly inflation. To achieve this goal, we have designed a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model with nominal rigidities and financial frictions. In this model, households and firms are energy consumers, and the government is the sole supplier of energy, selling it to households, firms, and the external world without energy constraints. The energy price in this model differs between firms and households, and we analyze the almost persistent shocks to both of these prices. Within the framework of this model, we analyze the role of monetary policy in controlling the... 

Open data intermediaries, as the key species of the ecosystem, and since they are the primary consumers of open government data, are crucial to the ecosystem's growth. Without them, the data would be useless during the dissemination phase. This study aims to define the roles of open data intermediaries and explain how they are compatible with the value creation and sustainability of the open data ecosystem in order to fill a gap in the literature in this area. Two Iranian open data intermediaries, Rasmio company and Vinsabt group, which have been involved in the field of data pertaining to companies, have been studied for this purpose. The data for this study is qualitative and was gathered... 

Digital technologies are shaping various industries in the era of the 4th industrial revolution, and meanwhile, we are witnessing the faster development of these technologies in the post-Corona period. In the oil industry, digital fields have created a window of opportunity to provide a competitive advantage for reputable oil companies. Realizing the importance of this window of opportunity, the leading oil companies quickly seek to use their capacities in the development of digital technologies such as automation, artificial intelligence, robotics, twins. Digital and fast processing methods are in the context of a digital field to take a step towards digital transformation. National Iranian... 

Due to the prominence of the evaluation of the consequences of rising temperatures, this paper examines the effects of temperature variation on mortality across different demographic groups in Iran. I use a rich weekly data set from 2009 to 2017 across different demographic groups to understand the potential health impacts of climate change in a developing country. Using several fixed effect regressions, I discover that for an additional day with a mean temperature over 25°C, mortality rate increases by 2.56% relative to the effects of an extra day in 0-5 °C, in the weekly temperature exposure horizon. I test for the harvesting effect by comparing the estimates at weekly and monthly... 

In economic literature, there are two major theories about population distribution; One perspective gives geography a central role, and the second one emphasizes path dependency. In this study, we investigate the Iran-Iraq war as an exogenous shock to the population of Iranian cities to answer the basic question of which theory best explains the population distribution. The Iran-Iraq war began in 1980, with Iraq invasion of Iran's western borders. Some border cities of Iran were captured at the beginning of the war and forced migration was inflicted on their population. non-captured cities near the western border were repeatedly targeted by artillery, airstrike and missile attacks, yet they... 

We examine the economic implications of the SEC disclosure rules for companies doing business with Iran on their riskiness of debt. We exploit Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act (ITRA), which requires companies listed on U.S exchanges to disclose their activities and transactions with Iranian institutions. We analyze the impact of the first ITRA disclosure on the cost of capital for both American and foreign companies listed on the US exchanges. Using a difference-in-difference approach, we document a negative impact of ITRA disclosures on loan spread and credit rating of foreign companies. Further, using textual analysis, we identify the elements in the... 

This study aims to investigate how different factors contribute to misallocation of physical capital in the Iranian economy. This is achieved by using a general equilibrium model with adjustment costs, uncertainty, and heterogeneity in firms' market power and technologies. In order to calculate the role of each factor in the observed misallocation, we need to estimate the parameters of this model using the Generalized Method of Moments. The data comes from the Annual Survey of Manufacturing Establishments from 2003 to 2013. According to the results, adjustment costs, heterogeneity in production functions, and heterogeneity in market power can explain about 80% of capital misallocation in... 

Privatization in Iran was primarily driven by the 2004 amendment to the Article 44 of the Iranian Constitution. Improving firms' efficiency is cited as the key goal of the privatization program. The two prominent characteristics of the privatization program in Iran are complex ownership structure and transferring ownership from the government to government-affiliated institutions and organizations. For these reasons, the consequences of privatization in Iran may differ from those of other countries. Therefore, this study explores the relation between privatization and firm performance, as measured by firm efficiency, labor efficiency, investment, and the number of employees. As a significant... 

This research is an event study about the effects of the Corona Virus Outbreak on different industries in the Iran Stock Exchange. This study examines which industries had been affected more negatively or positively by the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. In the first step, we calculate Alphas, Betas, and expected returns of stocks in an estimation window before the event using the market model. Then, we group all stocks in 17 different industries and calculate average cumulative abnormal returns in the event period as good measures for examining defects of this outbreak. Our results show that transportation, chemical products, processed products, real estate, and automobile manufacturing were... 

The research is performed to study the process of policy making and policy implementation of initiating student education network (Shaad) as as the first official platform of virtual education in Iran. We want to compare this process with “Kingdon’s multiple stream model”; because shaad initiated shortly after the closure of school’s caused by the outbreak of Covid-19 virus, while in recent years there have been several failed attempts to launch formal e-learning plans. Data were gathered trough semi-structured interviews of experts with shaad founders (11 people), reviewing some of the related documents and news, and unstructured observation by researcher. The findings were coded using... 

What is the effect of access to paved roads on farmland rental rates? To answer this question, I estimate the impact of the increase in the share of people in counties that access asphalt roads on irrigated farmland rental rents between 2006 and 2011 in Iran. For this analysis, I construct a county-level panel dataset by combining 2006 and 2011 Iranian census and agricultural data on cropland as well as farmland rental rates and exploit a fixed effects approach. I show that the availability of rural asphalt roads, rural sanded roads, and railroad stations increased irrigated farmland rental rates by 3.4 percent, 4.0 percent, and 1.6 percent, respectively. I also show that the effect of... 

The present study seeks to focus on social entrepreneurs to address how these entrepreneurs continue to have sufficient motivation to overcome the challenges they face in the course of their careers and continue this path. This research has tried to use the concept of self-leadership - which keeps a person motivated to achieve his goals for which he has an inner motivation - to answer this question. So the main research question is how do social entrepreneurs use their leadership in the face of the challenges of their careers? To answer this question, this study used a qualitative research method with an exploratory approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with 14 social... 

The purpose of this study is to provide a framework to demonstrate the organizational capabilities of chemical knowledge-based firms and analyze the relationship between these capabilities and exports. For this purpose, by combining 18 different output-based indicators, a model that includes six technological, manufacturing, research and development, marketing, organization and finance capabilities, was designed. Finally, in addition to analyzing the relationship between exports and the level of capabilities of knowledge-based firms, a comparison between the two groups of export and non-export firms and the analysis of these firms' current export situation was made in the period 2015-2018.... 

Companies are facing increasingly faster pace of technological evolution. Running a business with a large supply chain without considering the technological changes in the environment might provoke a difficult situation and result in competitive disadvantage. The field of hybrid and electric vehicles has developed a lot in the last decade in the world and the technologies of this field are developing in a dynamic circumstance. Iran Khodro, as the largest automaker in Iran, cannot be indifferent to this reality. Despite the huge oil and gas resources in the country, is it necessary to develop hybrid and electric vehicles in Iran? This is the main question we are trying to answer in the first... 

Using a micro-based general equilibrium model with four sectors, I introduce a context to study the macroeconomic effects of energy subsidies. I calibrate the model using Iranian energy data, estimating elasticities of substitution and energy shares. Using this calibration, I compare the steady-state results of two compensation plans for energy price reform, tax cuts and cash transfer, explaining the active mechanisms in each scenario and investigating their impact on household welfare and production levels. I calculate that the steady-state energy price in Iran is 40% of regional prices, and we simulate the reform in which prices are increased from this price to regional prices. I conclude... 

In this study, we intend to examine the effect of physicians’ leisure and parents’ preferences on the choice of the date of C-section. According to the literature, the comfort and convenience of the physician is one of the main factors contributing to the fact that less C-sections are scheduled on weekends compared to other days. On the other hand, avoidance of C-section on the 13th of the month as well as increase of C-section on certain special dates has been observed in different counties. In this study, we use national birth data in Iran from 2013 through 2017. During this period, cesarean rate was about 50% nationwide. According to the results, C-section is reduced by 72%, 42% and 12%... 

In this research, the price effects of freight announcement salons in the road freight transportation market of Iran have been investigated. The road freight market in Iran has witnessed numerous protests by drivers in recent years. One of the main demands of this group was to establish freight salons in terminals lacking that. Contrary to the opinion of drivers, who believe that freight salons increase parity and remove intermediaries, freight companies believe that this policy reduces competition and quality and increases freight prices. In this study, using the information of waybills (“Baarnameh”) at transaction level, we show that the presence of freight announcement salons increases...