Sharif Digital Repository

The basic goal of reengineering is to reduce the complexity of a legacy system in order to keep its maintenance costs at an acceptable level. Business Process Reengineering (BPR) mainly focuses on the redesign of business processes in an organization in order to improve the relevant performance and efficiency factors influencing the processes, such as cost and speed, and also to promote the quality of the products produced. Among the different methods and techniques proposed for BPR, the pattern-oriented approach has received considerable attention by researchers. In this approach, the concept of patterns -successful solutions to recurring problems - is applied in the context of BPR in order... 

Accumulation of electronic wastes in the environment is one of the recent ecological problems. This type of wastes contain metallic and non-metallic elements which can contaminate the environment. On the other hand due to the high volume of precious and basic metals within e-waste, it could be considered as a secondary resource. Bioleaching is a suitable method for the recovery of metals from e-waste which, on the contrary to the conventional recycling methods in the industry, is both economically and ecologically efficient. The aim of this research is the isolation of native micro-organism and evaluating its ability in recovering copper from a mixture of computer, cellphone, fax and copy... 

A growing number of distributed information systems need to operate in open, dynamic and heterogeneous environments, and are required to adapt themselves to environmental changes in order to satisfy specific design objectives. These self-adaptive systems are inherently complex, mainly due to the complexity of their environments and the effects of dynamic adjustments made to their structure and behavior. Developing such complex systems is still an important challenge insoftware engineering.Agent technology is considered as an appropriate and powerful paradigm for developing complex and dynamic distributed systems. Intelligent/autonomous agents have been proved useful for enhancing flexibility... 

Methodology has always one of important issues in philosophy of science; especially in social sciences lots of challenges arise from this field. Each of positivistic and relativistic different schools, on their own ontology about human and society, had suggested different methods of social studies. Roy Bhaskar, as the others, offers a model for scientific method, on the base of his own critical realistic ontological principles; and tries to secure his model from the objections on previous models of scientific method. In this model, hi suppose empirical survey as an obvious and undoubted activity in science. Then, he transcendentally derives his ontological principles from this antecedent,... 

Software Product Line Engineering (PLE) and Agile Software Development are two leading approaches in the software industry. Despite the inherent differences between the two approaches, they are intended to fulfill common goals, such as: Reducing time to market, increasing customer satisfaction, promoting product quality, managing changes in requirements, and lowering the costs of development. In addition, each of them has certain positive features which address the other’s weaknesses. As a result, it seems reasonable to integrate the two approaches in order to produce a combined method which fulfills the common goals while addressing the weaknesses. Agile Product Line Engineering (APLE) is a... 

The number of connected devices through the internet of things is increasing rapidly, which leads to adopting different communication technologies to provide connectivity of this large number of devices. The used communication technologies can be classified into the local area network, low-power wide-area network (LPWAN), and cellular network technologies. The receiver power has a critical role in the total power consumption of utilized transceiver chips in these technologies. Radiofrequency (RF) front-ends are often significant power-consuming parts of integrated receivers. Therefore, system-level design in which the overall specifications are distributed among RF front-end building blocks... 

Nowadays, research in the field of software architecture has become an important topic as a key element in software processes. Software Development Methodologies are not excluded. Importance and the need to improve and maintain methods, training new people and producing reasonable documents have highlighted the role of software architecture, especially in the methods that do not good predictions for these cases. In this project a solution would be introduced that we can extract the architecture of a methodology by using in hand techniques and tools. Then we would map the extracted architecture to architectural styles. So in addition of the benefit of using an architecture based design, we... 

In this thesis, I have reviewed some attempts for understanding Shariati’s view point about science. Then, I have gathered Shariati’s opinion about science. Some issues like, scientific method, Hellenization of science, philosophical thought about science, comparision between human science and experimental science in method and credibility and researcher’s role in science have been discussed. Also scientism, its causes and criticism, the differences between science and scientism is a part of this thesis. New scholastic in the meaning of slavery of science in the hands of capitalism and the relation between science and capitalism, materialism and religion and the fact that science and... 

The aim of this thesis is experimentally and numerically investigation of annular flow between the inner rotating smooth surface and the outer stationary grooved surface with or without axial fluid flow. Mounting grooves on the surfaces is important in cooling of rotating machineries such as electric generators and rotating heat pipes. The effect of different parameters such as the air gap between the surfaces, the geometry of the grooves, axial flow and rotation speed are numerically and experimentally investigated. The experimental results with axial grooves show that the entrance length decreases up to 17% with increasing the grooves depth. The reason is enhancement of the mixing and the... 

Hayek is one of the most impressive figures of Austrian School of Economics established by Carl Menger. The Thinkers of this school of thought believed that governments should not intervene in the market process. They argued that such interventions would spoil the market performance in resource allocation. Hayek believes that the order which emerges from the market is a spontaneous one; it means no one has designed it, but it has evolutionarily evolved by distinctive agents' actions who had no plan to make it. Hayek's arguments for spontaneous order are based on some epistemological presuppositions such as: "methodological individualism", "methodological subjectivism", "tacit knowledge" and... 

An antioxidant is a molecule capable of preventing the oxidation of other molecules and neutralizing free radicals. Free radicals are the root cause for many human diseases.Rice bran is one of the most important co-products in the rice milling.In this research antioxidant activity of two Iranian rice bran varieties Fajr and Tarem, extracted by three different solvents (methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate),determined at different time of extraction by measurement of total phenolic content, free radical scavenging, inhabitation of linoleic acid peroxidation and reducing power. The methanolic extract of Fajr rice bran produced strong results in antioxidant activity. The amount of Total... 

There are many exact and comprehensive project management standards that have been presented till now. On the basis of those standards numerous corporations and organizations have collected various methodologies in order to ensure the accuracy of their project management processes. Apart from utilization of a predefined methodology or collecting of a customized one in the organization, there is an important question: in each project what is the suitable project management system (PMS). In this thesis a tool with the help of simulation technique is developed to support the improvement of the organization’s PMS. The processes of a methodology which is on the basis of PMBOK standard are... 

Methodology engineering is a branch of software engineering which deals with the design, development, and modification of methodologies, and the techniques and tools for developing information systems. Methodology engineering requirements demand the support of Computer Aided Methodology Engineering (CAME) tools. Recently, method engineering focus has shifted towards Situational Method Engineering (SME); i.e. context-specific methodology development. The emergence of SME approaches has brought about various methods for methodology development; including ad hoc, paradigm-based, extension-based and assembly-based approaches. In the assembly-based strategy, appropriate method chunks are... 

As software technology has advanced, many related industries, such as game development, have also evolved. Games are not solely used for enjoyment anymore, and their application has expanded to various domains, the most important of which is education. Serious games connect education and enjoyment by achieving pedagogical objectives through gaming. Experience has shown that using this approach for education can be more effective than traditional methods. Serious games have been applied to various areas of education, one of which is software engineering. Software engineering covers a wide span of knowledge, and a range of methods are required for the education to be effective, especially... 

Selection of development methodologies according to the specifications of software development projects continues to be an important challenge for the software industry. Despite the growth of software methodologies, this problem has not been fully resolved yet. Software engineers have realized, however, that there is no general-purpose methodology which is suitable for all situations. Therefore, the necessity of Situational Method Engineering (SME) has become apparent, and engineers have started to use different methods for engineering software processes to fit the project situation at hand. Assembly-based, Extension-based and Paradigm-based approaches are the SME methods prevalently used... 

The purpose of IT management and governance is to empower the alignment between IT and business in organizations. IT management and governance focuses on the optimal utilization of IT resources in order to support business processes, address the organization’s needs and meet the organization’s goals. Even though every IT governance framework emphasizes on a particular dimension of this extensive domain, the common nature of all these frameworks, which is IT and business alignment, would make the efforts put into integrating them desirable and reasonable. Implementing different IT governance frameworks in separate projects, not only results in redundant or inconsistent outputs and artifacts,... 

Feyerabend was a philosopher of science that became famous for his purportedly anarchistic view of science and his rejection of the existence of universal methodological rules and rationality of science. Feyerabend’s view of science can be summarize in a few points; 1. On the issue of falsifiability, Feyerabend argues that no theory is ever consistent with all the relevant facts. He sees the use of ad-hoc postulates to save the dominant paradigm as an essential to the progress of science. He claims that scientists frequently depart completely from the scientific method when they use ad-hoc ideas to explain observations that are only later justified by theory. To Feyerabend, ad-hoc... 

The present thesis has provided more fundamental understanding of granulation rate processes (such as coalescence, attrition and breakage) by investigating the effects of operating parameters on product properties. The studied process was wet granulation carried out in two high shear mixer granulators. Granulation duration, binder mass and impeller speed were considered as operating parameters and granule size distribution (measured by sieving) and granule binder distribution (measured by thermogravimetery method) were regarded as product properties. Experiments were conducted in two analogous cylindrical and conical high shear granulators. The obtained experimental and theoretical results... 

In this work, bioleaching was used to extract valuable uranium from a low grade ore. Bioleaching experiments were carried out in batch cultures using a native strain of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of rotation speed, initial redox potential, initially added Fe concentration, particle size, pH, temperature, pulp density, and culture type. In the shake flask systems, over 99% of the uranium was bioleached in 48 hours at some conditions. Uninoculated flasks gave only around 25% leaching. At each study, uranium and iron concentrations, solution oxidation– reduction potential and pH were measured. The results showed that 150 rpm, d80=100 ... 

Vitamin C is one of the essential ingredients for the survival of human beings, animals and plants. This vitamin is an ester that in its structure there is a cyclic ester, an alkene Factor (C = C) and four hydroxyl factor (OH). This vitamin is a white solid, water-soluble and non-toxic that exists in many fruits, especially citrus. Its presence in the diet of human resistance them against infections increases. The main factor causing acidic property in vitamin C is the presence of OH groups attached to the alkene. Various forms of vitamin C exists in pharmaceutical collection of European countries. Since the tablet form because of the many advantages including being economical compared with...